The Canadian Weathership Program collected meteorological data at Station Papa (50N, 145W) in the North Pacific Ocean between 1949 and 1981. In 2014, researchers at the University of Washington (UW) Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) analyzed this historic data to determine its efficacy as a scientific tool. The data available here are the Government of Canada data files that were utilized for this analysis. The "OWSP Full Data (1949-1981)" file contains the entire Canadian Weathership Program record of data collected from Station Papa and the "OWSP Daily Averaged Wind Speed and Wave Height Data (1949-1981)" file contains daily averaged values of wind speed and wave height generated by the UW APL and NOAA PMEL researchers. The Data Dictionary for each data file contains notes on any quality controls that were applied to the data by the UW APL and NOAA PMEL researchers. The UW documents titled, "Data Documentation for Dataset 1170 (DSI-1170), Surface Marine Data, National Climatic Data Center" (https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/25570/td1170.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y) and "Table detailing units of data values in each file" (https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/25570), provide further information on the key values, point scales, and other units that were used in these datasets.

Description:Seasonal temperature climatology of the Northeast Pacific Ocean was computed from historical observations including all available conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD), bottle, expendable bathy-thermograph (XBT), and Argo data in NOAA (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/), Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS), and Institute of Ocean Sciences archives over 1980 to 2010 period. Methods:Calculations, including smooth and interpolation, were carried out in sixty-five subregions and up to fifty-two vertical levels from surface to 5000m. Seasonal averages were computed as the median of yearly seasonal values. Spring months were defined as April to June, summer months were defined as July to September, fall months were defined as October to December, and winter months were defined as January to March. The data available here contain raster layers of seasonal temperature climatology for the Canadian Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a subset of seasonal climatology of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, in high spatial resolution of 1/300 degree.References:Foreman, M. G. G., W. R. Crawford, J. Y. Cherniawsky, and J. Galbraith (2008). Dynamic ocean topography for the northeast Pacific and its continental margins, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22606, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035152.Data Sources:NOAA, MEDS and IOS observational dataUncertainties:Uncertainties are introduced when quality controlled observational data are spatially interpolated to varying distances from the observation point. Climatological averages are calculated from these interpolated values.

Description:Seasonal sigma-t climatology of the Northeast Pacific Ocean was computed from historical observations including all available conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD), bottle, expendable bathy-thermograph (XBT), and Argo data in NOAA (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/), Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS), and Institute of Ocean Sciences archives over 1980 to 2010 period.Methods:Calculations, including smooth and interpolation, were carried out in sixty-five subregions and up to fifty-two vertical levels from surface to 5000m. Seasonal averages were computed as the median of yearly seasonal values. Spring months were defined as April to June, summer months were defined as July to September, fall months were defined as October to December, and winter months were defined as January to March. The data available here contain raster layers of seasonal sigma-t climatology for the Canadian Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), a subset of seasonal climatology of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, in high spatial resolution of 1/300 degree.References:Foreman, M. G. G., W. R. Crawford, J. Y. Cherniawsky, and J. Galbraith (2008). Dynamic ocean topography for the northeast Pacific and its continental margins, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22606, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035152Data Sources:NOAA, MEDS and IOS observational dataUncertainties:Uncertainties are introduced when quality controlled observational data are spatially interpolated to varying distances from the observation point. Climatological averages are calculated from these interpolated values.

The Canadian long term satellite data record (LTDR) derived from 1-km resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data was produced by the Canada Center for Remote Sensing (CCRS). Processing included: geolocation, calibration, and compositing using Earth Observation Data Manager (Latifovic et al. 2005), cloud screening (Khlopenkov and Trishchenko, 2006), BRDF correction (Latifovic et. al., 2003), atmosphere and other corrections as described in Cihlar et. al. (2004). For temporal analysis of vegetation cross-sensor correction of Latifovic et al. (2012) is advised. Data collected by the AVHRR instrument on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 9,11,14,16,17,18 and 19 satellites were used to generate Canada-wide 1-km 10-day AVHRR composites. Data are available starting in 1985. It is important to note that there are three types of AVHRR sensors: (i) AVHRR-1 flown onboard TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-8, and NOAA-10; (ii) AVHRR-2 flown onboard NOAA-7, NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-12, and NOAA-14; and (iii) AVHRR-3 currently operational onboard NOAA-15, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18 and NOAA-19. The AVHRR-1 has four channels, AVHRR-2 has five channels and the AVHRR-3 has six channels, although only five channels of AVHRR-3 can be operational at any one time. As such, channels 3A (1.6 m) and 3B (3.7 m) work interchangeably. The processing procedure was designed to minimize artefacts in AVHRR composite images. There are thirty six 10-day image composites per year. The following three processing levels are provided: P1) top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, P2) reflectance at surface and surface temperature and P3) reflectance at surface normalized to a common viewing geometry (BRDF normalization). The processing level P1 and P2 are provided for all 36 composites while level P3 is provided for 21 composites from April – October.

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The AVHRR monthly composite time series of Canada at 1 km resolution is a long-term satellite record produced by the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) from imagery acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors aboard the NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-14, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19 satellites. The dataset provides monthly composite imagery covering the period from January 1985 to December 2013 (1985-01-21 to 2013-12-21), offering a consistent multi-decadal record for monitoring Canada's terrestrial environment. The monthly products are derived from the original 10-day AVHRR composite time series to provide a uniform temporal record suitable for long-term environmental monitoring. Each monthly image is provided as a three-band, 8-bit RGB Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with a spatial resolution of 1 km (R: NDVI; G: NIR (0.725–1.10 µm); B: Visible red (0.58–0.68 µm)). This false-colour composite enhances the visualization of vegetation condition, water bodies, snow and ice, and other land surface features. The imagery has undergone geolocation, radiometric calibration, cloud screening, atmospheric correction, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) normalization to produce a spatially and temporally consistent dataset suitable for land cover mapping, vegetation monitoring, environmental assessment, and climate change studies. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**