The Canadian Breeding Bird Census (BBC) Database contains data for 928 breeding bird plot censuses representing all known censuses of breeding birds carried out in Canada during the period 1929–1993. The 928 records in the database represent 640 unique census plots located in all provinces and territories, except Prince Edward Island. The BBC, which was replaced by the current Breeding Bird Survey, is one of the longest-running surveys of bird populations in North America, and was designed to help determine abundance and distribution patterns of bird species. An important feature of the BBC Database is the habitat data associated with each census plot. The most prevalent vegetation species in different layers (canopy, shrub and ground cover) were recorded to reflect the assumption that birds respond principally to vegetative structure.

The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) Prince Edward Island Waterfowl Survey used helicopters to survey breeding waterfowl on square 2x2 km (4 km²) plots in 2016 on Prince Edward Island (PE). The objective of the survey was to establish baseline information about breeding season abundances and distributions of waterfowl on PE, and also to inform the design of potential future surveys in the province. Complete bilingual metadata including detailed survey design, survey protocols and data dictionaries is available in downloadable files.

The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) Québec Boréale Waterfowl Survey used helicopters to annually survey breeding waterfowl over five years from 1985-1989 on 10x10 km (100 km²) plots located within the Chibougamau region of Québec, a boreal zone at the heart of the American Black Duck's breeding range. The goals of the QCBO100 were to assess the impact of new hunting restrictions for the American Black Duck and to act as a pilot survey to help establish a standardized helicopter-based breeding pair survey for the Black Duck Joint Venture (BDJV) across the American Black Duck’s range. Similar pilot surveys were carried out in Ontario, the Maritimes, and on the island of Newfoundland, using different survey protocols in terms of plot size, selection, and survey frequency, providing an opportunity to compare result quality and cost. For further details and comparisons among these pilot surveys, see Ross et al. (2017). Complete bilingual metadata including detailed survey design, protocols and data dictionaries is available in downloadable files.Ross, R.K., Bateman, M.C. and Bordage, D. 2017. Experimental Helicopter-based Waterfowl Breeding Pair Surveys in Eastern Canada,1985–1989. Pages 83 – 94 in Bordage, D., Bateman, M.C., Ross, R.K. and Lepage, C. (editors). Helicopter-based waterfowl breeding pair survey in eastern Canada and related studies. Black Duck Joint Venture Special Publication. 236 pp.

Understanding how bird populations are spatially structured throughout their annual cycles is critical to identifying when and where these populations are most limited. Canadian breeding populations of Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus cornutus; hereafter grebe) appear to have substantially declined since 1970, and uncertainty in annual movements of this species limits our understanding of factors affecting their population dynamics. To address this knowledge gap and identify grebes’ migration routes and non-breeding areas, we fit light-level geolocators and sampled feathers for stable isotopes (carbon δ13C, nitrogen δ15N, hydrogen δ2H) in Prairie and Boreal portions of the grebe breeding range between 2020 and 2023. Geolocator data (n = 18 birds) indicated that grebes undertook southeastern fall migratory movements and occupied marine and freshwater non-breeding locations across a large geographic area including southeastern Canada, the Midwest and southern United States, the Atlantic Coast, and the Gulf of Mexico. Geolocator and feather stable isotope data confirmed weak migratory connectivity and separated birds into four distinct non-breeding ground clusters. Our results suggest threats that grebes experience on non-breeding areas may have diffuse effects on breeding populations and further provide novel information on the migration ecology and spatial linkages of two breeding populations of grebes in North America. Taken together, these findings will help to inform development and implementation of management strategies for this species of conservation concern.

The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) Atlantic Agricultural Waterfowl Survey (ATLAG4) used helicopters to survey breeding waterfowl on square 2x2 km (4 km²) plots in agricultural areas in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick (NB), Nova Scotia (NS) and Prince Edward Island (PE) from 2008-2013. The survey was delivered in partnership with Ducks Unlimited Canda (DUC) and as part of the Eastern Habitat Joint Venture (EHJV) program. The objective of the survey was to establish baseline information about breeding season abundances and distributions of waterfowl in agricultural areas in the Maritimes, which were previously under-represented in other waterfowl surveys in the region.Complete bilingual metadata including detailed survey design, survey protocols, and data dictionaries is available in downloadable files.

Feeding areas, breeding areas, concentration and specie present. Data extracted from the Fish Habitat Management Information System (FHAMIS) according to a literature review of documents produced between between 1977 and 2001

This data set includes the locations of all known seabird colonies along the coast of British Columbia, and provides a compilation of the population estimates of seabirds breeding at those colonies since 1980, and historical estimates prior to 1980 for some colonies. It does not include an estimate of the numbers of juvenile birds or non-breeders in the population.The rationale for developing this inventory was the recognized need for a product that could assist with: coastal zone and conservation area planning; emergency response to environmental emergencies and identifying areas of potential interactions between seabirds and anthropogenic activities. In addition, the data used to develop the document provides a baseline to compare with future seabird population estimates in order to measure the impacts of shifts in composition, abundance and/or distribution of prey, and climatic and oceanographic changes. The database is not a substitute for on-site surveys usually required for environmental assessment.Here we present data on the breeding colony population estimates of the 17 species of seabirds (including two storm petrels, three cormorants, one gull, and eight alcids) and one shorebird (Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani) that breed on the coast of British Columbia. Over 5.5 million colonial birds are currently estimated to nest at 649 sites (Rodway et al. 2024). Five species (Cassin's Auklets Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Fork-tailed Storm-petrels (Hydrobates fucatus), Rhinoceros Auklets Cerorhinca monocerata, Ancient Murrelets Synthliboramphus antiquus, and Leach's Storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous), comprise the vast majority of that population, although Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani), Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba), and Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens), nest at the most sites. Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), which nest on the mossy limbs of mature and old-growth trees within the coastal forests, are not included in this database, due to their dispersed nesting habit.The population estimates presented in this database are compiled from the results of several surveys. Many of the seabird breeding colonies in British Columbia have been known for more than 50 years, but because of the remoteness of the sites, visits to them have been rare. The majority of the data are the results of comprehensive inventories of colonial nesting seabirds along the British Columbia coastline conducted between 1974 and 1977 by the British Columbia Provincial Museum (BCPM; now Royal British Columbia Museum ) and between 1980 and 1989 by the Canadian Wildlife Service of Environment and Climate Change Canada (CWS). The goal of the BCPM surveys was to explore the entire BC coast to identify seabird nesting sites. Reliable, quantitative data were gathered on the breeding populations of all surface-nesting seabird species and rough estimates of population sizes were made for burrow-nesting species. The goal of the CWS survey program was to establish baseline estimates of breeding populations of burrow-nesting species in BC using standardized survey techniques to allow future comparisons and monitoring of those populations. During the 1980s, repeat surveys of surface-nesting species were also conducted by CWS in most regions of the BC coast. A few colonies on small remote islands were not visited during those surveys. Therefore, for some colonies the most current population estimates are from the first complete survey of the BC coastline, carried out by the Royal British Columbia Museum in the mid 1970’s.Since 1989, surveys have been conducted by CWS on some alcid, cormorant and gull colonies along the BC coast, and results have been included in the dataset (data entry ongoing). As well as data from CWS surveys, we have attempted to obtain recent data from all other sources including Parks Canada, Transport Canada, the BC Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, the City of Vancouver, the Bamfield Marine Station, and the Laskeek Bay Conservation Society. Since 2000, inventories of nesting BlackOystercatchers have been conducted in some regions of the coast by Parks Canada and partners (Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, and Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve) and results have been included in the dataset (data entry ongoing). A long time series of nesting Black Oystercatcher data collected by Laskeek Bay Conservation Society in the Laskeek Bay area of the East Coast of Moresby Island has also been included in this dataset.

The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) Northern Canada Scoter Survey used helicopters to survey breeding scoters in 5x5 km (25 km²) plots in six study areas across Northern Canada in the Northwest Territories (NT), Manitoba (MN) and Québec (QC) from 2017-2019. Populations of North American breeding scoters appeared to be in decline, albeit with a large degree of uncertainty around population size estimates and trends due to challenges related to surveying this group of sea ducks. The main goal of the survey was to address the major monitoring gap for scoters in Canada, as most traditional waterfowl surveys do not cover their breeding range or late nesting phenology. In addition to targeting three species of scoter, the survey targeted other sea duck species including scaup, mergansers and Long-tailed Ducks. Complete bilingual metadata including detailed survey design, protocols and data dictionaries is available in downloadable files.Note: A version of this dataset was published January 2025 (Record Name: Scoter Experimental Surveys, NT, MB, QC, 2017-2019 / Inventaires Expérimentaux de Macreuses, NT, MB, QC, 2017-2019, Identifier: 9cddead7-1dc8-4379-afc5-0275b7449bd5). This published version includes the same observation and plot data as the previous version but also includes more detailed survey conditions data, and has been formatted to the schema of QWAC-QSC (Quantifying Waterfowl Across Canada database - Base de données sur la Quantification de la Sauvagine au Canada). See the parent record for "Waterfowl Surveys in Canada" (Identifier: 0af7faf5-495c-4074-9cf6-7dc12e6bfe3f) for more information.

This spatial data identifies breeding zones used by forest managers and forest genetic associations to manage provincial forest genetic assets. The data: * shows the boundaries of breeding zones * identifies the primary or target species within each zone Species are associated with certain breeding programs, seed orchards and progeny (descendant) testing installations.

To estimate Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup production, photographic aerial surveys were conducted of the major Grey Seal breeding colonies in Canadian waters. The last survey was completed in January 2021. A total of 72,209 pups were counted on digital imagery from Sable Island, the largest breeding colony. Reconnaissance flights found no new colonies along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Pup developmental stage surveys were undertaken on the ground or from helicopter at the seven largest breeding colonies to describe the birth distribution and correct the pup count for the estimate of pups born after the aerial photographic survey. The estimated number of pups born on Sable Island was 76,600 (SE = 2,900) and for Coastal Nova Scotia was 4,700 (SE = 550). For Sable Island, this is the first estimate of pup production since the 1960s that has not been a significant increase. Sable Island accounts for 77.5% of total pup production in Canada, and the change in trend in pup production on Sable Island is reflected in the trend in total pup production. Pup production in the Gulf of St. Lawrence continues to fluctuate with little evidence of trend over the past several decades, while at the more recently-established breeding colonies in southwest Nova Scotia, pup production continues to increase.In February 2026, the time series of grey seal pup production estimates for Maritimes Region was made open source. The open data was set up with no abbreviations or codes and restricted to just Maritimes Region. Notably there are counts in the dataset provided not linked to specific breeding colonies, for the miscellaneous locations the latitude and longitude are for roughly center of the colonies or region.Cite this data as: den Heyer., C. Data of Grey Seal Pup Production in Canadian Water. Published: April 2026. Ocean Ecosystems Science Division, Maritimes Region, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth NS. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/ea8962b2-0d75-4500-a3de-d631a1e5308f