This dataset is a contribution to the development of a kelp distribution vector dataset.Bull kelp (Nereocystis leutkeana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) are important canopy-forming kelp species found in marine nearshore habitats on the West coast of Canada. Often referred to as a foundation species, beds of kelp form structural underwater forests that offer habitat for fishes and invertebrates. Despite its far-ranging importance, kelp has experienced a decline in the west coast of North America. The losses have been in response to direct harvest, increase in herbivores through the removal of predators by fisheries or diseases, increase in water turbidity from shoreline development as well as sea temperature change, ocean acidification, and increased storm activates. Understanding these impacts and the level of resilience of different kelp populations requires spatiotemporal baselines of kelp distribution. The area covered by this dataset includes the BC coast and extends to portions of the Washington and Alaska coasts. This dataset was created using 137 British Admiralty (BA) charts, including insets, with scales ranging from 1:6,080 to 1:500,000, created between 1858 and 1956. All surveys were based on triangulation, in which a sextant or theodolite was used to determine latitude and angles, while a chronometer was used to help determine longitude.First, each BA chart was scanned by the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) using the CHS Colortrac large format scanner, and saved as a Tagged Image Format at 200 DPI, which was deemed sufficient resolution to properly visualize all the features of interest. Subsequently, the scanned charts were imported into ESRI ArcMap and georeferenced directly to WGS84 using CHS georeferencing standards and principles (charts.gc.ca). In order to minimize error, a hierarchy of control points was used, ranging from high survey order control points to comparing conspicuous stable rock features apparent in satellite imagery. The georeferencing result was further validated against satellite imagery, CHS charts and fieldsheets, the CHS-Pacific High Water Line (charts.gc.ca), and adjacent and overlapping BA charts. Finally, the kelp features were digitized, and corresponding chart information (scale, chart number, title, survey start year, survey end year, and comments) was added as attributes to each feature. Given the observed differences in kelp feature representation at different scales, when digitizing kelp features, polygons were used to represent the discrete observations, and as such, they represent presence of kelp and not kelp area. Polygons were created by tracing around the kelp feature, aiming to keep the outline close to the stipe and blades.The accuracy of the location of the digitized kelp features was defined using a reliability criterion, which considers the location of the digitized kelp feature (polygon) in relation to the local depth in which the feature occurs. For this, we defined a depth threshold of 40 m to represent a low likelihood of kelp habitat in areas deeper than the threshold.An accuracy assessment of the digitized kelp features concluded that 99% of the kelp features occurred in expected areas within a depth of less than 40 m, and only about 1% of the features occurred completely outside of this depth.

Grouping can include up to a maximum of 750 quartz claims. All quartz claims must be contiguous, i.e. they must be adjoining. Any solitary quartz claims that do not share at least one boundary with the quartz claims to be grouped cannot be included in the grouping.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

In celebration of the tremendous diversity of tree species that tell the story of our culture and history, the NCC released in September 2020 a compilation of close to 170 remarkable trees across Canada’s Capital region entitled A Living Legacy: Remarkable Trees of Canada’s Capital. An interactive map and downloadable book are available for free on the NCC’s website and will allow the public to discover distinctive features of these trees, revealing a story of the beauty of our natural heritage through the rich diversity of species thriving within Canada’s Capital. This compilation features trees according to their commonalities, which can include their physical relationship with the land, the fact that they were a source of food for Indigenous peoples, or for their contribution to the forest industry.https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/remarkable-treeshttps://ncc-ccn.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=a9ba98fb7e8b4c2ba9be337235b95291

The annual summer scallop surveys on the principal grounds in the Bay of Fundy follow stratified-random designs. The gear comprises a ‘Digby scallop drag’ with four ‘buckets’, each of 760 mm inside width, their bags being made of 74 mm steel-wire rings linked by rubber washers. A comparative data set of three scallop grounds (Digby, Lurcher Shoal and Grand Manan) was produced comprised of 190 stations sampled in 1997 and 213 from 2007–08. Presence/absence of a common suite of 68 benthic invertebrate taxa were recorded: 43 individual species, 20 additional genera and five higher taxa, all drawn from nine phyla. Each taxon was coded for each of seven biological traits (each with associated modalities), selected for their assumed relevance to environmental drivers. A score between 0 and 3 was assigned based on the literature for the taxon’s affinity to each modality, using ‘fuzzy coding’. Non-zero scores were assigned to as many modalities as required to represent the traits of the taxon’s adult stage. The resulting taxa x traits matrix, of 68 taxa by 27 modalities, is provided here along with the metadata for each station sampled. In addition, fourteen environmental variables, deemed relevant to benthic epifauna and representing both seabed sediments and the water column, were quantified for each survey station. Seabed depth, mean grain size, mean significant wave height, mean seabed shear stress, root mean square tidal current speed 1 m above the seabed and combined averaged wave-current shear velocity were each extracted from a sediment transport model for the Bay of Fundy prepared by Li et al. (2015). Mean values for current velocities, salinity and temperature for both surface and bottom layers, plus maximum mixed layer depth and bottom shear were each drawn from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography North Atlantic Model (BNAM: Wang et al., 2018). BNAM values averaged across 1990–2015 were used when examining faunal differences among survey areas, but explorations of temporal change used annual values for 1997 and 2007 individually. The variable nomenclature in the attached spreadsheet follows those of Li et al. (2015) and Wang et al. (2018). Results of the spatial and temporal analyses of these data are found in Staniforth et al. (2023). The values for each of the environmental variables are provided in the spreadsheet below. Their interpolated surfaces are also provided.Cite this data as: MacDonald, Barry; Staniforth, Calisa; Lirette, Camille; Murillo, Francisco; Kenchington, Ellen; Kenchington, Trevor (2023). Benthic Megafaunal Assemblages on Scallop Fishing Grounds in the Bay of Fundy (1997 and 2007). Published May 2024. Ocean Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/935836da-a565-4f1e-806e-d354d8db252c

A Surveyed Sub-Surface Area Object that represents the spatial extent of a mineral claim to which sub-surface rights can be registered. In the Yukon, mineral claims can be classified as Quartz or Placer Claims, where as in other regions they are generically called mineral claimsDistributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

The Remote Communities Energy Database is a public resource that provides pertinent factual information about the generation and use of electricity and other energy sources for all remote communities in Canada. Communities are identified as remote communities if they are not currently connected to the North-American electrical grid nor to the piped natural gas network; and is a permanent or long-term (5 years or more) settlement with at least 10 dwellings.The Remote Communities Energy Database is the only national data source on energy in remote communities that is publically available on one centralized site. The Remote Communities Energy Database allows users to search and conduct analyses of remote communities and their energy context. Users are also able download the data from the Remote Communities Energy Database dataset in CSV (i.e., excel compatible) format. This data is collected from a number of sources including the remote communities themselves, local utilities, provincial and territorial government’s, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and various other stakeholders.

Food Banks is a point dataset identifying food banks in British Columbia.

This publication contains thirteen (13) maps of different biogeochemical and soil properties of forest ecosystems of Canada’s managed forest. A scientific article gives additional details on the methodology: Paré, D., Manka, F., Barrette, J., Augustin, F., Beguin, J. 2021. Indicators of site sensitivity to the removal of forest harvest residues at the sub-continental scale: mapping, comparisons, and challenges. Ecol. Indicators. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107516

Morrison Creek lamprey, Lampetra richardsoni variety marifuga are found only in Morrison Creek in Courtenay, BC. In 1995, this variety was designated Endangered by COSEWIC and is currently protected under the Species at Risk Act (SARA). For the years, 2011-2013 and 2015-2017, efforts were made to live trap Morrison Creek lamprey on and around spawning time. In 2014, DFO worked collaboratively with Hancock Forestry Management to assess the extent of the distribution of lamprey within the headwaters of Morrison creek on the land owned by the company. This dataset includes data for 2011 to 2017 inclusive.

Emerald Basin on the Scotian Shelf off Nova Scotia, Canada, is home to a globally unique aggregation of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesi, first documented in the region in 1889. In 2009, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) implemented two Sponge Conservation Areas to protect these sponge grounds from bottom fishing activities. Together, the two conservation areas encompass 259 km2. In order to ascertain the degree to which the sponge grounds remain unprotected, we modelled the presence probability and predicted range distribution of V. pourtalesi on the Scotian Shelf using random forest modelling on presence-absence records. With a high degree of accuracy the random forest model predicted the highest probability of occurrence of V. pourtalesi in the inner basins on the central Scotian Shelf, with lower probabilities at the shelf break and in the Fundian and Northeast Channels. Bottom temperature was the most important determinant of its distribution in the model. Although the two DFO Sponge Conservation Areas protect some of the more significant concentrations of V. pourtalesi, much of its predicted distribution remains unprotected (over 99%). Examination of the hydrographic conditions in Emerald Basin revealed that the V. pourtalesi sponge grounds are associated with a warmer and more saline water mass compared to the surrounding shelf. Reconstruction of historical bottom temperature and salinity in Emerald Basin revealed strong multi-decadal variability, with average bottom temperatures varying by 8˚C. We show that this species has persisted in the face of this climatic variability, possibly indicating how it will respond to future climate change.Cite this data as: Beazley, Lindsay ; Wang, Zeliang ; Kenchington, Ellen ; Yashayaev, Igor ; Rapp Tore, Hans ; Xavier, Joana R. ; Murillo, Francisco Javier ; Fenton, Derek ; Fuller, Susanna(2023). Predicted distribution of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesi on the Scotian Shelf and its persistence in the face of climatic variability. Published April 2023. Ocean Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/326bfc06-4b48-408f-9a74-1e118665e7b0