Location of geomagnetic observatories of Canada maintained by the Canadian Hazard Information Service. For more information regarding Geomagnetism Canada, visit http://www.geomag.nrcan.gc.ca.

There are six official time zones in Canada: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Newfoundland, and Atlantic. All time zone boundaries in Canada are regulated by the provinces and territories. This record contains maps and data for both legislated Standard Time and Daylight Saving Time boundaries. Daylight Saving Time occurs every year; it starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. However, the Yukon, Saskatchewan and parts of British Columbia, Quebec and Nunavut do not observe Daylight Saving Time.The changes to Pacific time announced on March 2, 2026, by the Government of British Columbia are not reflected in this dataset. Please consult the [Government of British Columbia's announcement](https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2026AG0013-000209#:~:text=B.C.%27s%20new%20time%20zone,%20Pacific%20time,%20will,and%20other%20regions%20observing%20mountain%20standard%20time) for more information.The maps and data were produced by the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) at Natural Resources Canada. The time zone boundary lines were created from information provided by the National Research Council who are responsible for official time in Canada.

Provinces and Territories of Canada, April 2022Forest Management in Canada Web App: 2017 and 2020 (French)

In 2021, the Canada Coast Guard (CCG) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada updated its administrative boundaries following the creation a new Arctic region. There are now 4 administrative regions in CCG (Western, Arctic, Central and Atlantic). DFO and Coast Guard Arctic Regions developed these regions in partnership with the people they serve; this important decision will lead to stronger programs and services to better meet the unique needs of our Arctic communities. DFO and CCG operations and research cover Canada's land and waters to the international boundaries (EEZ) and are in no way limited to the boundaries drawn in the map.

In 2021, the Canada Coast Guard (CCG) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) updated its administrative boundaries following the creation a new Arctic region.There are now 7 administrative regions in DFO (Pacific, Arctic, Ontario and Prairie, Quebec, Gulf, Maritimes, Newfoundland and Labrador). DFO and Coast Guard Arctic Regions developed these regions in partnership with the people they serve; this important decision will lead to stronger programs and services to better meet the unique needs of our Arctic communities.DFO and CCG operations and research cover Canada's land and waters to the international boundaries (EEZ) and are in no way limited to the boundaries drawn in the map.

River ice roughness products from the current calendar year in selected Canadian regions that have been designated for observation, monitored by Natural Resources Canada using satellite imagery for emergency response. Coverage is not comprehensive nationwide. In order to mitigate ice jam induced floods risks, Natural Resources Canada emergency geomatics service (EGS) may be activated by Canada’s emergency management authorities. As new satellite imagery becomes available, NRCan will produce river ice roughness maps and update the dataset in near real time (4 hours). This item contains record of the river ice roughness products generated in the current year. For the complete archive, please refer to the [River Ice in Canada - Archive](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/5e6b40bf-299f-4e05-87c8-d10b9c8210f9) entry.The river ice product is generated and validated on a best effort basis. Various factors may affect the quality of the river ice roughness maps. Those factors include but are not limited to: environmental condition at the time of acquisition, image resolution or the limitations of the methodology used. To view a specific product, filter the data by date (UTC Date) and area of interest (AOI). Links to download specific EGS product are available in the Resources section.Disclaimer:Emergency response authorities are the primary users of these satellite-derived river ice roughness map products. These products are generated to provide analysis and emergency response situational awareness and to facilitate decision-making during major flood events. The river ice roughness products are generated rapidly and limited time is available for editing and validation. The river ice roughness products reflect the river ice surface roughness conditions at the date/time of acquisition. While efforts are made to produce high quality products, near-real time products may contain errors due to the limited time available for validation and the limited availability of ground truthing data.Limitation of Liability:Accordingly, the information contained on this website is provided on an “as is” basis and Natural Resources Canada makes no representations or warranties respecting the information, either expressed or implied, arising by law or otherwise, including but not limited to, effectiveness, completeness, accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. Natural Resources Canada does not assume any liability in respect of any damage or loss based on the use of this website. In no event shall Natural Resources Canada be liable in any way for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, or other damages based on any use of this website or any other website to which this site is linked, including, without limitation, any lost profits or revenue or business interruption.Parent Collection:- **[River Ice State in Canada - Cartographic Product Collection](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d1fcb44f-5f86-4957-bdb4-e6fd1aa69283)**

"Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective" maps Canadian geography in relation to gradients of regional climate, as expressed by potential vegetation on zonal sites. Compared to previous similar national-scale products, "Vegetation Zones of Canada" benefits from the work of provincial and territorial ecological classification programs over the last 30+ years, incorporating this regional knowledge of ecologically significant climatic gradients into a harmonized national map. This new map, reflecting vegetation and soils adapted to climates prior to approximately 1960, can serve as a broad-scale (approximately 1:5 M to 1:10 M) geospatial reference for monitoring and modeling effects of climate changes on Canadian ecosystems. "Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective" employs a two-level hierarchical legend. Level 1 vegetation zones reflect the global-scale latitudinal gradient of annual net radiation, as well as the effects of high elevation and west to east climatic and biogeographic variation across Canada. Within the level 1 vegetation zones, level 2 zones distinguish finer scale variation in zonal vegetation, especially in response to elevational and arctic climatic gradients, climate-related floristics and physiognomic diversity in the Great Plains, and maritime climatic influences on the east and west coasts. Thirty-three level 2 vegetation zones are recognized: High Arctic Sparse Tundra Mid-Arctic Dwarf Shrub Tundra Low Arctic Shrub Tundra Subarctic Alpine Tundra Western Boreal Alpine Tundra Cordilleran Alpine Tundra Pacific Alpine Tundra Eastern Alpine Tundra Subarctic Woodland-Tundra Northern Boreal Woodland Northwestern Boreal Forest West-Central Boreal Forest Eastern Boreal Forest Atlantic Maritime Heathland Pacific Maritime Rainforest Pacific Dry Forest Pacific Montane Forest Cordilleran Subboreal Forest Cordilleran Montane Forest Cordilleran Rainforest Cordilleran Dry Forest Eastern Temperate Mixed Forest Eastern Temperate Deciduous Forest Acadian Temperate Forest Rocky Mountains Foothills Parkland Great Plains Parkland Intermontane Shrub-Steppe Rocky Mountains Foothills Fescue Grassland Great Plains Fescue Grassland Great Plains Mixedgrass Grassland Central Tallgrass Grassland Cypress Hills GlaciersPlease cite this dataset as: Baldwin, K.; Allen, L.; Basquill, S.; Chapman, K.; Downing, D.; Flynn, N.; MacKenzie, W.; Major, M.; Meades, W.; Meidinger, D.; Morneau, C.; Saucier, J-P.; Thorpe, J.; Uhlig, P. 2019. Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective. [Map] Scale 1:5,000,000. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Great Lake Forestry Center, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.

This layer comprises all the available water wells in GIN (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador) and published through the open data platforms. This layer is a combination of all individual provincial and territorial layers. The original databases are dynamically converted by an automatic process managed by Natural Resources Canada (Groundwater Information Network).

The hydrographic features of the CanVec series include watercourses, water linear flow segments, hydrographic obstacles (falls, rapids, etc.), waterbodies (lakes, watercourses, etc.), permanent snow and ice features, water wells and springs.The Hydrographic features theme provides quality vector geospatial data (current, accurate, and consistent) of Canadian hydrographic phenomena. It aims to offer a geometric description and a set of basic attributes on hydrographic features that comply with international geomatics standards, seamlessly across Canada.The CanVec multiscale series is available as prepackaged downloadable files and by user-defined extent via a Geospatial data extraction tool.Related Products (Open Maps Links):[Topographic Data of Canada - CanVec Series](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8ba2aa2a-7bb9-4448-b4d7-f164409fe056)

High-resolution annual forest land cover maps for Canada's forested ecosystems (1984-2022). It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). The annual time series of forest land cover maps are national in scope (entire 650 million hectare forested ecosystem) and represent a wall-to-wall land cover characterization yearly from 1984 to 2022. These time-series land cover maps were produced from annual time-series of Landsat image composites, forest change information, and ancillary topographic and hydrologic data following the framework described in Hermosilla et al. (2022), which builds upon the approach introduced in Hermosilla et al. (2018). The methodological innovations included (i) a refined training pool derived from existing land cover products using airborne and spaceborne measures of forest structure; (ii) selection of training samples proportionally to the land cover distribution using a distance-weighted approach; and (iii) generation of regional classification models using a 150x150 km tiling system. Maps are post-processed using disturbance information to ensure logical class transitions over time using a Hidden Markov Model. Hidden Markov Models assess individual year class likelihoods to reduce variability and possible noise in year-on-year class assignments (for instances when class likelihoods are similar).Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Coops, N.C., 2022. Land cover classification in an era of big and open data: Optimizing localized implementation and training data selection to improve mapping outcomes. Remote Sensing of Environment. Vol. 268, No. 112780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112780. (Hermosilla et al. 2022)Hermosilla, T., M.A. Wulder, J.C. White, N.C. Coops, G. W. Hobart, (2018). Disturbance-Informed Annual Land Cover Classification Maps of Canada's Forested Ecosystems for a 29-Year Landsat Time Series. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 44(1) 67-87.DOI: 10.1080/07038992.2018.1437719 (Hermosilla et al. 2018).