This dataset represent the Ice Flow Indicator compilation for the province of Saskatchewan.This dataset represents glacial ice flow indicators compiled from recent and historical bedrock and surficial geology maps and digital datasets. The data was created as file geodatabase feature class and output for public distribution. **Please Note – All published Saskatchewan Geological Survey datasets, including those available through the Saskatchewan Mining and Petroleum GeoAtlas, are sourced from the Enterprise GIS Data Warehouse.  They are therefore identical and share the same refresh schedule. 

Groundwater flow is the movement of water in an aquifer or hydrogeological unit. The dataset shows groundwater flow rate and direction in the hydrogeological unit. Groundwater flow is establish from piezometric surface map. The method used to create the dataset is described in the metadata associated with the dataset. The dataset represents a description of the flow, including rate in m/d, direction, date and source. Typically, the data provided will not be in the form of a shapefile with linked properties but in the form of an image that sketches the groundwater flow. The image could also represent a cross section of the hydrogeologic units showing the regional trends of the groundwater flow.

Points with rotations that indicate downstream flow direction. Can be displayed with arrow symbols to show flow direction. There is one point at the upstream end for each stream network feature

Building on the initial effort (“Database of Open Water Areas in River Ice for Provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes - Potential Locations For River Hydrokinetic Energy Extraction Identified Through Optical Satellite Imager”; weblink: https://search.open.canada.ca/openmap/d9823004-29aa-40e2-aa47-9c54cf88c309), a follow-up research project has led to the publication of this extensive analysis encompassing the entirety of Canada’s major freezing rivers. This work has applied advanced image processing and classification algorithms to the selected images, elevating the classification and analysis to a higher level of accuracy and providing a more comprehensive dataset for exploring river hydrokinetic energy prospects across the country.This dataset identifies open water areas within ice-covered major Canadian rivers, aiming to evaluate potential hydrokinetic resources. The data is derived from high-resolution optical satellite imagery obtained from Landsat and Sentinel satellites corresponding to National Research Council (NRC) 2014 flow data of river reaches with water depths of at least 10 meters and a flow velocity of a minimum of 0.5 meters per second. Using advanced image processing and machine learning algorithms, the dataset efficiently differentiates between ice-covered and open water regions, providing a reliable basis for assessing hydrokinetic energy potential in the identified areas.Disclaimer:This dataset is subject to the following limitations:• Landsat and Sentinel optical satellite images are high-resolution, but they may contain resolution errors, possible distortions, and inaccuracies in depicting on-ground conditions. • Despite advanced image processing and machine learning algorithms, errors or biases may exist. • The dataset's reliability is also influenced by the NRC flow data.Therefore, users should view this dataset as a preliminary assessment tool, not a definitive guide for decision-making or investment in hydrokinetic projects. It is strongly recommended to validate its accuracy and suitability for specific applications through additional research and studies. By accessing and using this dataset, users acknowledge and accept these disclaimers. The providers of this dataset explicitly absolve themselves of any responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use, reliance upon, or interpretation of this dataset. Users are advised that their use of the dataset is at their own risk, and they assume full responsibility for any actions or decisions made based on the information contained therein. This disclaimer is in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and by accessing or utilizing the dataset, users agree to release the providers of this dataset from any legal claims, damages, or liabilities that may arise from such use.

In 2018, Fisheries and Oceans Canada initiated the Multidisciplinary Arctic Program (MAP) – Last Ice, the first ecosystem study of the poorly characterized region of the Lincoln Sea in the Marine Protected Area of Tuvaijuittuq, where multiyear ice still resides in the Arctic Ocean. MAP-Last Ice takes a coordinated approach to integrate the physical, biochemical, and ecological components of the sea ice-ocean connected ecosystem and its response to climate and ocean forcings. The cross-disciplinary program establishes baseline ecological knowledge for Tuvaijuittuq and, in particular, for its unique multiyear ice ecosystem. The database provides baseline data on the abundance of bacteria and viruses in multi- and first-year ice and in surface waters of the Lincoln Sea in Tuvaijuittuq, and their relation to bio-physical conditions. The data were collected during the 2018 spring field campaign of the MAP-Last Ice Program, at an ice camp offshore of Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert.

In 2018, Fisheries and Oceans Canada initiated the Multidisciplinary Arctic Program (MAP) – Last Ice, the first ecosystem study of the poorly characterized region of Tuvaijuittuq, where multiyear ice still resides in the Arctic Ocean. The program MAP-Last Ice takes a coordinated approach to integrate the physical, biochemical, and ecological components of the sea ice-ocean connected ecosystem and its response to climate and ocean forcings. This program provides baseline ecological knowledge for Tuvaijuittuq and, in particular, for its unique multiyear ice ecosystem. The database provides baseline data on fatty acid composition and stable isotopes signatures of sea ice communities in multi- and first-year ice in Tuvaijuittuq. The data were collected during the 2018 spring field campaign of the MAP-Last Ice Program, offshore of Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert, in the Lincoln Sea.

Hydro Features is composed of the network of Canadian surface waters. Hydro Features entities are: Watercourse, Water Linear Flow, Hydro Obstacle (falls, rapids\...), Waterbody (lake, watercourse\...), Permanent Snow and Ice, Water Well, and Spring. CanVec is a digital cartographic reference product of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). It originates from the best available data sources covering Canadian territory, offers quality topographical information in vector format, and complies with international geomatics standards. CanVec is a multi-source product coming mainly from the National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), the Mapping the North process conducted by the Canada Center for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), the Atlas of Canada data, the GeoBase initiative, and the data update using satellite imagery coverage (e.g. Landsat 7, Spot, Radarsat, etc.).Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Hydro Features is composed of the network of Canadian surface waters. Hydro Features entities are: Watercourse, Water Linear Flow, Hydro Obstacle (falls, rapids\...), Waterbody (lake, watercourse\...), Permanent Snow and Ice, Water Well, and Spring. CanVec is a digital cartographic reference product of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). It originates from the best available data sources covering Canadian territory, offers quality topographical information in vector format, and complies with international geomatics standards. CanVec is a multi-source product coming mainly from the National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), the Mapping the North process conducted by the Canada Center for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), the Atlas of Canada data, the GeoBase initiative, and the data update using satellite imagery coverage (e.g. Landsat 7, Spot, Radarsat, etc.).Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Hydro Features is composed of the network of Canadian surface waters. Hydro Features entities are: Watercourse, Water Linear Flow, Hydro Obstacle (falls, rapids\...), Waterbody (lake, watercourse\...), Permanent Snow and Ice, Water Well, and Spring. CanVec is a digital cartographic reference product of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). It originates from the best available data sources covering Canadian territory, offers quality topographical information in vector format, and complies with international geomatics standards. CanVec is a multi-source product coming mainly from the National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), the Mapping the North process conducted by the Canada Center for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), the Atlas of Canada data, the GeoBase initiative, and the data update using satellite imagery coverage (e.g. Landsat 7, Spot, Radarsat, etc.).Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Hydro Features is composed of the network of Canadian surface waters. Hydro Features entities are: Watercourse, Water Linear Flow, Hydro Obstacle (falls, rapids\...), Waterbody (lake, watercourse\...), Permanent Snow and Ice, Water Well, and Spring. CanVec is a digital cartographic reference product of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). It originates from the best available data sources covering Canadian territory, offers quality topographical information in vector format, and complies with international geomatics standards. CanVec is a multi-source product coming mainly from the National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), the Mapping the North process conducted by the Canada Center for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), the Atlas of Canada data, the GeoBase initiative, and the data update using satellite imagery coverage (e.g. Landsat 7, Spot, Radarsat, etc.).Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)