**Attention: there is a new version of this product (SCANFI v2)**SCANFI v2 can be found here: https://doi.org/10.23687/07653869-f303-46c2-a04e-9ab479b73cbfThis data publication contains a set of 30m resolution raster files representing 2020 Canadian wall-to-wall maps of broad land cover type, forest canopy height, degree of crown closure and aboveground tree biomass, along with species composition of several major tree species. The Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product (SCANFI) was developed using the newly updated National Forest Inventory photo-plot dataset, which consists of a regular sample grid of photo-interpreted high-resolution imagery covering all of Canada’s non-arctic landmass. SCANFI was produced using temporally harmonized summer and winter Landsat spectral imagery along with hundreds of tile-level regional models based on a novel k-nearest neighbours and random forest imputation method. A full description of all methods and validation analyses can be found in Guindon et al. (2024). As the Arctic ecozones are outside NFI’s covered areas, the vegetation attributes in these regions were predicted using a single random forest model. The vegetation attributes in these arctic areas could not be rigorously validated. The raster file « SCANFI_aux_arcticExtrapolationArea.tif » identifies these zones.SCANFI is not meant to replace nor ignore provincial inventories which could include better and more regularly updated inputs, training data and local knowledge. Instead, SCANFI was developed to provide a current, spatially-explicit estimate of forest attributes, using a consistent data source and methodology across all provincial boundaries and territories. SCANFI is the first coherent 30m Canadian wall-to-wall map of tree structure and species composition and opens novel opportunities for a plethora of studies in a number of areas, such as forest economics, fire science and ecology.**Limitations**1- The spectral disturbances of some areas disturbed by pests are not comprehensively represented in the training set, thus making it impossible to predict all defoliation cases. One such area, severely impacted by the recent eastern spruce budworm outbreak, is located on the North Shore of the St-Lawrence River. These forests are misrepresented in our training data, there is therefore an imprecision in our estimates.2- Attributes of open stand classes, namely shrub, herbs, rock and bryoid, are more difficult to estimate through the photointerpretation of aerial images. Therefore, these estimates could be less reliable than the forest attribute estimates.3- As reported in the manuscript, the uncertainty of tree species cover predictions is relatively high. This is particularly true for less abundant tree species, such as ponderosa pine and tamarack. The tree species layers are therefore suitable for regional and coarser scale studies. Also, the broadleaf proportion are slightly underestimated in this product version.4- Our validation indicates that the areas in Yukon exhibit a notably lower R2 value. Consequently, estimates within these regions are less dependable. 5- Urban areas and roads are classified as rock, according to the 2020 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada land-use classification map. Even though those areas contain mostly buildings and infrastructure, they may also contain trees. Forested urban parks are usually classified as forested areas. Vegetation attributes are also predicted for forested areas in agricultural regions.**Details on the product development and validation can be found in the following publication:**- Guindon, L., Manka, F., Correia, D.L.P., Villemaire, P., Smiley, B., Bernier, P., Gauthier, S., Beaudoin, A., Boucher, J., and Boulanger, Y. 2024. A new approach for Spatializing the Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) using Landsat dense time series. Can. J. For. Res. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0118**Please cite this dataset as:**- Guindon L., Villemaire P., Correia D.L.P., Manka F., Lacarte S., Smiley B. 2023. SCANFI: Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/18e6a919-53fd-41ce-b4e2-44a9707c52dc **The following raster layers are available:**- NFI land cover class values: Land cover classes include Water, Rock, Bryoid, Herbs, Shrub, Treed broadleaf, Treed mixed and Treed conifer- Live aboveground dry tree biomass (tonnes/ha): biomass was derived from total merchantable volume estimates produced by provincial agencies- Height (meters): vegetation height- Crown closure (%): percentage of pixel covered by the tree canopy - Tree species cover (%): estimated as the proportion of the canopy covered by each tree species: - Balsam fir tree cover in percentage (Abies balsamea) - Black spruce tree cover in percentage (Picea mariana) - Douglas fir tree cover in percentage (Pseudotsuga menziesii) - Jack pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus banksiana) - Lodgepole pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus contorta) - Ponderosa pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus ponderosa) - Tamarack tree cover in percentage (Larix laricina) - White and red pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus strobus and Pinus resinosa) - Broadleaf tree cover in percentage (PrcB) - Other coniferous tree cover in percentage (PrcC)

This is a spatial layer showing Ministry of Forests Radio Communication Sites. Communication Sites are physical land locations containing structures and equipment which provide two or one-way voice and or data wireless communications to field staff or for operational activities

This geodatabase includes hotspot maps of 1) nearshore habitat richness, 2) diversity (fish and invertebrates), and 3) biomass (using catch per unit effort of fish and invertebrates), as well as two layers showing the spatial extent of the diversity and biomass hotspot analyses. Full details and methods can be found in the Rubidge et al. 2018 CSAS Research Document 2018/053 available here or at https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/40759842.pdf. These data were reviewed as part of a Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) regional peer review process on Nov 1-2, 2017.Habitat Richness Hotspots: Because there are no systematic surveys of nearshore species that span the entire coastline of Northern Shelf Bioregion, the nearshore habitat richness hotspots were developed as a proxy for species diversity in nearshore areas. Habitat richness was calculated from eight habitat features: eelgrass, surfgrass, canopy-forming kelp, estuaries, areas of high rugosity, and hard, mixed, and soft substrate. The number of features within 1 km x 1 km planning units was counted, and hotspots were identified using the Getis-Ord G* tool in ArcGIS. Planning units with Gi_Bin values of 3 (99% confidence) were classified as habitat richness hotspots.Diversity and Biomass Hotspots: Hotspots of fish and invertebrate diversity and biomass were developed as proxies for spatial patterns of productivity in the Northern Shelf Bioregion. Diversity (Shannon diversity) and biomass (kg/hour or count/hook/hour) were calculated from DFO synoptic trawl and outside hard-bottom longline (HBLL) survey catch records. The outside HBLL survey was previously referred to as Pacific Halibut Management Area (PHMA) survey. The synoptic trawl and HBLL surveys have complementary spatial coverage, with the HBLL surveys occurring in more coastal areas (20–260 m) and the synoptic trawl surveys occurring on deeper shelf areas (50–1300 m). Hotspots were identified using the Getis-Ord G* tool in ArcGIS for five separate analyses: fish biomass (trawl), fish diversity (trawl), fish diversity (longline), invertebrate biomass (trawl), and invertebrate diversity (trawl). Using the Minimum Bounding Geometry Tool, convex hull polygons were drawn around groups of hotspot points (Gi_Bin values of 1, 2, or 3; confidence ≥90%) containing 10 or more points. The resulting polygons were then buffered by 1 km and manually edited where needed to exclude any large areas of the polygons that did not include hotspot points.

British Columbia Digital Geology is the data source used for the seamless province-wide, up-to-date, and detailed bedrock geology. The bedrock geology is standardized with consistent stratigraphic code and geometries, and integrates all details of compilations from 1:50,000 to 1:250,000. The latest release (Open File 2017-8) is maintained by a geospatial frame data model, which consists of attributed geological contacts and faults as linework, and outcrops or centroids as points attributed with bedrock information. Techniques are used to simplify the integration process and shorten the timeframe from field mapping, compilation, integration, to data delivery. The release also contains: tables for geological units and colours; ESRI layer files containing bedrock colour symbols; and a map of British Columbia illustrating the suggested colour theme for the bedrock polygons. Related data sets are Geology Faults and Quaternary Alluvium and Cover. Bedrock Geology is interactive with other geoscience data on MapPlace and MapPlace 2 and is available for download in shapefile format.

The file consists of 252 entries, including the 60 cultural projects presented on September 23, 2014, as well as the favorites of the participants in the “Montreal Committed to Culture” event.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

This data set is an updated, GIS version of part of the Alberta Geological Survey's published Map No. 226, which in turn is a regional synthesis of various published and unpublished maps. The data represent the locations of thalwegs (paleo-channels) incised in the bedrock surface.

Woods and forest corridor of interest, exceptional forest complex and protected area under the revised urban and development plan of the City of Laval.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

All sites located on the territory of the City of Longueuil that contain archaeological properties and that are governed by the Cultural Property Act (RLRQ, chapter B-4).**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

This data publication contains a set of 30m resolution raster files representing Canadian wall-to-wall maps, at 5-year intervals from 1985 to 2025, of broad landcover type, forest canopy height, degree of crown closure and live aboveground dry tree biomass, along with species composition of several major tree species. The Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product (SCANFI) was developed using the newly updated National Forest Inventory photo-plot dataset, which consists of a regular sample grid of photo-interpreted high-resolution imagery covering all of Canada’s non-arctic landmass. SCANFI was produced using temporally harmonized summer and winter Landsat spectral imagery along with hundreds of tile-level regional models based on a novel k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) and random forest imputation method. SCANFI is not meant to replace nor ignore provincial inventories which could include better and more regularly updated inputs, training data and local knowledge. Instead, SCANFI was developed to provide a current, spatially-explicit estimate of forest attributes, using a consistent data source and methodology across all provincial boundaries and territories. SCANFI is the first coherent 30m Canadian wall-to-wall map of tree structure and species composition and opens novel opportunities for a wide range of studies in a number of areas, such as forest economics, fire science and ecology.SCANFI v2 is described here. The main methodological and performance differences between SCANFI v1 (https://doi.org/10.23687/18e6a919-53fd-41ce-b4e2-44a9707c52dc) and SCANFI v2 are briefly outlined below. For a more detailed description of these changes, please consult the accompanying report. For the scientific publication about SCANFI v1, see Guindon et al. (2024).**SCANFI version 2 main updates**1. Transition to Landsat Collection 2Updated all Landsat time series inputs from Collection 1 to Collection 2, providing improved radiometric calibration and geometric consistency across sensors and years.2. SCANFI time series with LandTrendr-smoothed winter imageryIntroduced LandTrendr-smoothed winter imagery, enabling a full 5-year interval time series from 1985 to 2025 with dual-season inputs.3. Updated climate normalsReplaced previous climate layers with smoother 1991–2020 normals (MacDonald et al. 2024), eliminating tiling artifacts.4. Increased sample selection density of NFI training dataShifted from a photoplot-level 250m systematic grid to a denser sampling strategy: 4 pixels/hectare per polygon (max 100 points, excluding border pixels). This sampling strategy greatly increased the number of training points available, improving representation of inter- and intra-polygon variability and strengthening model performance.5. More accurate water prediction and delineation of urban areas and croplands Water and cropland prediction is now done using a soon-to-be-published landcover time series layer in order to: (i) prevent the misclassification of recently disturbed areas as water in SCANFI v1; and (ii) convert urban areas and croplands to forested land before 2020 when the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) land use map used in the original study is not available (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2022).6. Forest age map SCANFI v2 introduces new national forest age maps by combining recent disturbance history data with spatialized NFI age estimates for undisturbed stands, producing consistent stand age attribution across Canada from 1985 to 2025, at 5-year intervals. The resulting approach reduces noise relative to single-year estimates and yields spatially complete, temporally stable forest age maps.7. Modified response and target variable setsWater is no longer used as a target variable, whereas land position (alpine, wetland or upland) was added to the target variable list and is now an output layer. The selection of Landsat bands and indices used in modeling was also refined, improving sensitivity to forest structure, composition, and disturbance. Finally, SCANFI now relies on the recently published Canadian Medium Resolution Digital Elevation Model (Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Strategic Policy and Innovation Sector, 2025). See update report for more details.8. Improved extrapolation of arctic ecozonesThe tile-level approach used to extrapolate arctic ecozones outside the sampling range of the NFI photoplots was replaced by the use of two training sets to predict two distinct geographical northern areas: (1) northern Quebec; and (2) northern Northwest Territories and Nunavut. This approach considerably improved model reliability and consistency in the arctic ecozones.9. Updated time-since-disturbance layersIntegrated complete 1965-2025 harvest and fire records (Correia et al. 2024; Perbet et al. 2025), improving disturbance history initialization and enhancing stand-structure attribution.10. Modified tree species cover layersIn order to avoid interpretation errors and facilitate user analyses, SCANFI v2 tree species layers now represent the corresponding tree species crown closure, instead of the proportion of the overall crown closure that is represented by that species. Unlike SCANFI v1, users no longer need to multiply overall crown closure by tree species proportion (and divide by 100) to obtain tree species crown closure. Examples include: - A pixel with 30% total crown closure composed of 50% black spruce and 50% jack pine will have 15% black spruce crown closure and 15% jack pine crown closure in SCANFI v2. - A pixel with 40% total crown closure entirely dominated by balsam fir will have 40% balsam fir crown closure in SCANFI v2. - A pixel with 100% total crown closure composed of 60% black spruce and 40% balsam fir will have 60% black spruce and 40% balsam fir crown closure in both SCANFI v1 and SCANFI v2.Tree species live aboveground tree biomass can still be obtained by estimating the proportion of the corresponding tree species relative to pixel-level crown closure and multiplying that value by pixel-level biomass.**Validation summary and comparison with version 1**External validation results show that SCANFI v2 consistently outperforms SCANFI v1 across all independent datasets used in Guindon et al. (2024). Structural attributes validated with Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), Potapov et al. (2021), and airborne lidar exhibit R² gains of approximately 2-3 points and modest reductions in RMSE and MAE, indicating improved estimates of height and crown closure. Species composition shows the largest improvements, with R² increases of roughly 4 to more than 15 points for key species such as black spruce, jack pine, tamarack, and the broadleaf grouping (see the update report for more details). Biomass estimates also improve, with smaller but consistent gains in explained variance and reduced error across ground-plot datasets. In contrast, internal cross-validation metrics are slightly lower for v2, reflecting the effect of a complex training dataset with much more forested samples rather than reduced real-world predictive performance.**SCANFI time series**SCANFI v2 provides a publicly available 5-year interval national time series (1985–2025) based on LandTrendr-smoothed summer and winter Landsat imagery with cross-sensor harmonization. Pixel-level temporal inconsistencies remain by design to preserve traceability and consistency across attributes, making the time series unsuitable for plot-level analyses but reliable for large-scale regional and national assessments where noise averages out. Although not intended for detailed biomass trend analysis, the estimated national biomass increase of approximately 4.8% between 1985 and 2025 suggests ecologically plausible values, pending further evaluation.**Limitations**1. The spectral disturbances of some areas disturbed by pests are not comprehensively represented in the training set, thus making it impossible to predict all defoliation cases. One such area, severely impacted by the recent eastern spruce budworm outbreak, is located on the North Shore of the St. Lawrence River. These forests are misrepresented in our training data; therefore, our estimates in these areas are imprecise.2. Attributes of open stand classes, namely shrub, herb, rock and bryoid, are more difficult to estimate through the photointerpretation of aerial images. Therefore, these estimates could be less reliable than the forest attribute estimates.3. As reported in the manuscript, the uncertainty of tree species cover predictions is relatively high. This is particularly true for less abundant tree species, such as ponderosa pine and tamarack. The tree species layers are therefore suitable for regional and coarser scale studies. 4. Our validation indicates that the areas in Yukon exhibit a notably lower R² value. Consequently, estimates within these regions are less dependable. 5. Urban areas and roads are classified as rock, according to the 2020 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada land-use classification map (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2022). Even though those areas contain mostly buildings and infrastructure, they may also contain trees. Forested urban parks are usually classified as forested areas. Vegetation attributes are also predicted for forested areas in agricultural regions.**Data download**The data can be downloaded from the FTP server (ftp.maps.canada.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/Forests_Foret/SCANFI/v2/), referenced in the “Data and Resources” section, using a browser download manager or an external client such as FileZilla.**Dataset citation**- Guindon L., Correia D.L.P, Manka F. and Smiley B. 2026. SCANFI v2: Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product v2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/07653869-f303-46c2-a04e-9ab479b73cbf**References**- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. (2022). 2020 AAFC Land Use [Map]. Retrieved from https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/7a098ea9-cc31-4d79-b326-89f6cd1fbb7d. - Correia, D.L., Guindon, L. and Parisien, M.A., 2024. Extending Canadian forest disturbance history maps prior to 1985. Ecosphere, 15(8), p.e4956.- Guindon, L., Manka, F., Correia, D.L., Villemaire, P., Smiley, B., Bernier, P., Gauthier, S., Beaudoin, A., Boucher, J. and Boulanger, Y., 2024. A new approach for Spatializing the Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) using Landsat dense time series. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 54(7), pp.793-815.- MacDonald, H., McKenney, D.W., Pedlar, J., Lawrence, K., de Boer, K. and Hutchinson, M.F., 2024. Spatial datasets of 30-year (1991–2020) average monthly total precipitation and minimum/maximum temperature for Canada and the United States. Data in Brief, 55, p.110561.- Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Strategic Policy and Innovation Sector. (2025, August 28). Medium Resolution Digital Elevation Model (MRDEM) - CanElevation Series. Natural Resources Canada, Federal Geospatial Platform. https://osdp-psdo.canada.ca/dp/en/search/metadata/NRCAN-FGP-1-18752265-bda3-498c-a4ba-9dfe68cb98da- Perbet, P., Guindon, L., Correia, D.L., Gahrouei, O.R., Côté, J.F. and Béland, M., 2025. Historical insect disturbance maps from 1985 onwards for Canadian forests derived using earth observation data. Scientific Data.- Potapov, P., Li, X., Hernandez-Serna, A., Tyukavina, A., Hansen, M.C., Kommareddy, A., Pickens, A., Turubanova, S., Tang, H., Silva, C.E. and Armston, J., 2021. Mapping global forest canopy height through integration of GEDI and Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 253, p.112165.

The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin was designed primarily as a reference volume documenting the subsurface geology of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. This GIS dataset is one of a collection of shapefiles representing part of Chapter 18 of the Atlas, Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous Strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Figure 25, Kootenay/Nikanassin/Minnes/Deville/ Success Isopach and Lithofacies. Shapefiles were produced from archived digital files created by the Alberta Geological Survey in the mid-1990s, and edited in 2005-06 to correct, attribute and consolidate the data into single files by feature type and by figure.