The Canadian National Wetlands Inventory (CNWI) is a comprehensive, publicly available national geodatabase developed by the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), in collaboration with federal, provincial, and territorial governments, academia, Indigenous groups, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). It consists of the best available wetland mapping data, along with its metadata, published in a standardized manner.The CNWI is continuously updated through the compilation of existing data and the acquisition of new high-resolution datasets to address coverage gaps, with an emphasis on peatlands and coastal wetlands, which are key habitats for greenhouse gas (GHG) sequestration. ECCC plans to use the CNWI to train and validate machine-learning algorithms to delineate and classify wetlands at a national scale and to measure trends over time. This will directly support Canada’s Nature-Based Climate Solutions by informing biodiversity conservation, guiding climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, and supporting GHG emissions reporting.The CNWI was initially released in February 2024 with 13 source datasets. In June 2025, the Inventory was updated to include 14 additional datasets. Collectively, these 27 source datasets comprise approximately 12.1 million wetland polygon features, covering a total area of roughly 640,000 square kilometers across ten provinces and territories (BC, MB, NB, NL, NS, PE, ON, QC, SK, YT). These source datasets were cross-walked into a standardized CNWI classification schema, which is based on two foundational documents: the Canadian Wetland Classification System (National Wetlands Working Group, 1997) and the Canadian Wetland Inventory Data Model (2016).The CNWI Schema contains five major wetland classes (Bog, Fen, Swamp, Marsh, and Shallow/Open Water) and eight subclasses (Rich Fen, Poor Fen, Organic Swamp, Mineral Swamp, Organic Marsh, Mineral Marsh, Shallow Water, and Open Water). Non-conforming wetlands can be categorized into three groups: Peatland, Mixed, and Unclassified. For more information on the CNWI and the related database, please refer to the CNWI User Manual and other supporting documents that accompany this publication. The User Manual provides detailed information on how data are collected, managed, and distributed to meet CNWI data standards.

The version 3A of the Canadian Wetland Inventory contains five main wetland classes (Bog, Fen, Marsh, Swamp, and Shallow Water) that represent the types of wetlands encountered in Canada. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The version 3A of the Canadian Wetland Inventory contains five main wetland classes (Bog, Fen, Marsh, Swamp, and Shallow Water) that represent the types of wetlands encountered in Canada. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

One of the spatial views of the BC WATERSHED ATLAS 50K, which is the digital basemap representation of the aquatic Man-made waterbodies, Wetlands and Double-line Rivers based on the 1:50,000 scale Canadian National Topographic Series of Maps.

A national map of Canadian Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP) Fuel Types (FT) developed from public data sources. The resolution of the raster grid is 30m, classified from the Spatialized Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) dataset, ecozones of Canada, and the National Burned Area Composite (NBAC). The purpose of the dataset is to characterize Canadian forests into fuel types for use in Fire Behaviour Prediction calculations as well as for situational awareness of national fire potential.

The third generation of high resolution 10-m wetland inventory map of Canada, covering an approximate area of one billion hectares, was generated using multi-year (2016-2020), multi-source imagery (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, ALOS PALSAR-2, and SRTM) Earth Observation (EO) data as well as environmental features. Over 8800 wetland polygons were processed within an object-based random forest classification scheme on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The average overall accuracy of 90.5% is an increase of 4.7% over CWIM2.CWIM Versions:The Canadian Wetland Inventory Map (CWIM) is an extension of work started at Memorial University to produce a Newfoundland and Labrador wetland inventory during 2015-2018 which was significantly funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The first national CWIM was produced 2018-2019 as a collaboration between Memorial University, C-CORE, and Natural Resources Canada. Dr. Brian Brisco was instrumental in connecting ground truth from multiple sources to the project and providing guidance. Version 2 was produced in 2020 which included more training data and processing by Canada’s ecozones rather than provinces to take advantage of the commonality of landscape ecological features within ecozones to improve the accuracy. Version 3 produced in 2021 continued adding more data sources to further improve accuracy specifically an overestimation of wetland area as well as introducing a confidence map. Version 3A completed in 2022 updates only the arctic ecozones due to their relatively lower accuracy and added hydro-physiographic data layers. Currently work is underway to create a northern circumpolar wetland inventory map to be published in 2025.Paper on Newfoundland and Labrador Wetland Inventory:Mahdianpari, M.; Salehi, B.; Mohammadimanesh, F.; Homayouni, S.; Gill, E. The First Wetland Inventory Map of Newfoundland at a Spatial Resolution of 10 m Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010043Paper on CWIM1:Mahdianpari, M., Salehi, B., Mohammadimanesh, F., Brisco, B., Homayouni, S., Gill, E., … Bourgeau-Chavez, L. (2020). Big Data for a Big Country: The First Generation of Canadian Wetland Inventory Map at a Spatial Resolution of 10-m Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2019.1711366Paper on CWIM2:Mahdianpari, M., Brisco, B., Granger, J. E., Mohammadimanesh, F., Salehi, B., Banks, S., … Weng, Q. (2020). The Second Generation Canadian Wetland Inventory Map at 10 Meters Resolution Using Google Earth Engine. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(3), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2020.1802584Paper on CWIM3:M. Mahdianpari et al., "The Third Generation of Pan-Canadian Wetland Map at 10 m Resolution Using Multisource Earth Observation Data on Cloud Computing Platform," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 14, pp. 8789-8803, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3105645.Paper on Arctic ecoregion enhancement for CWIM3A:Michael Merchant, et al., ”Leveraging google earth engine cloud computing for large-scale arctic wetland mapping,” in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 125, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103589.

The Canadian Heritage Rivers System (CHRS) is Canada's national river conservation program. Established in 1984, the CHRS gives national recognition to Canada's outstanding rivers and encourages their long term management to conserve their natural, cultural and recreational values for the benefit and enjoyment of Canadians, now and in the future. There are currently 42 Canadian Heritage Rivers, 4 are in the Yukon. For more information about CHRS refer to [https://chrs.ca/en](https://chrs.ca/en)Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

This dataset presents the first comprehensive, high-resolution (10-meter) wetland inventory map covering the entire 32.2 million square kilometers of the Pan-Arctic region, of which 14 million square kilometers (43%) is terrestrial and 18.4 million square kilometers (57%) is marine. Generated through advanced Earth Observation and machine learning techniques, the map was produced using multi-year (2020–2022), multi-source satellite imagery—including Sentinel‑1, Sentinel‑2, and ALOS PALSAR‑2—as well as various environmental features such as elevation. Over 1,000 wetland polygons were analyzed using an object-based random forest classification workflow on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, achieving an average overall classification accuracy of 89%.The mapping extent was defined according to the Arctic Council’s Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) boundary, resulting in the identification of 2,947,618 km² of wetlands, representing 20% of the land area within the Pan-Arctic region. This dataset establishes a consistent and authoritative baseline for pan-Arctic wetlands, leveraging the latest advances in Earth Observation, machine learning, and cloud computing. The Canadian Wetland Classification System was used and includes the major wetland classes: bog, fen, marsh, swamp, and water.The overall wetlands coverage by country within the CAFF boundary was: Canada (27%), United States of America (i.e., Alaska 39%), Finland (31%), Iceland (8%), Norway (17%), Sweden (26%), Kingdom of Denmark (i.e., Greenland 1%), and the Russian Federation (21%).​Development of this product was undertaken by Natural Resource Canada's Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation and the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Division in collaboration with the Arctic Council’s CAFF biodiversity group, CAFF Wetland Experts Group, national organisations mandated to monitor wetlands, and Arctic National Mapping Agencies, and Canadian company C-CORE, integrating ground truth data collected from Alaska, Finland, Sweden, and the Kingdom of Denmark through partner agencies and digital image interpretation. More than 60,000 images (2020-2022), primarily covering summer periods, were processed to ensure robust results.This dataset provides essential baseline information for Earth Observation monitoring of climate change impacts and supports critical environmental surveillance for Arctic and remote northern communities.

This data contains the memorials and monuments located in communities across the country. Currently, more than 8,000 memorials are included in this data. This data is regularly updated as we continue to receive information on Canadian military memorials.

The national wetland layer contains wetland data compiled from the best available data from each region, classified by wetland type. Wetlands are mapped as polygons in geographic layers, which are integrated into a master geodatabase at the national scale.Information from each contributing dataset was classified based on the Canadian Wetland Classification System, which contains five main wetland classes (Bog, Fen, Marsh, Swamp, and Shallow Water) that represent the types of wetlands encountered in Canada. An additional category, “partially classified” was used to preserve boundary information for wetlands that could not be classified into the main categories with existing information.