River ice roughness products from the last three days in selected Canadian regions that have been designated for observation, monitored by Natural Resources Canada using satellite imagery for emergency response. Coverage is not comprehensive nationwide. In order to mitigate ice jam induced flood risks, Natural Resources Canada emergency geomatics service (EGS) may be activated by Canada’s emergency management authorities. As new satellite imagery becomes available, NRCan will produce river ice roughness maps and update the dataset in near real time (4 hours). This item contains the latest river ice roughness products generated in the past three days. For any data older than 72 hours, please refer to the [River Ice in Canada - Current Year](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8ca6f047-ddef-43d7-81c2-47654f4c69bd) entry. The river ice product is generated and validated on a best effort basis. Various factors may affect the quality of the river ice roughness maps. Those factors include but are not limited to: environmental condition at the time of acquisition, image resolution or the limitations of the methodology used. To view a specific product in Web Services, filter the data by date (UTC Date) and area of interest (AOI). A link to download specific EGS products is available in the Resources section.Disclaimer:Emergency response authorities are the primary users of these satellite-derived river ice roughness map products. These products are generated to provide analysis and emergency response situational awareness and to facilitate decision-making during major flood events. The river ice roughness products are generated rapidly and limited time is available for editing and validation. The river ice roughness products reflect the river ice surface roughness conditions at the date/time of acquisition. While efforts are made to produce high quality products, near-real time products may contain errors due to the limited time available for validation and the limited availability of ground truthing data. Limitation of Liability:Accordingly, the information contained on this website is provided on an “as is” basis and Natural Resources Canada makes no representations or warranties respecting the information, either expressed or implied, arising by law or otherwise, including but not limited to, effectiveness, completeness, accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. Natural Resources Canada does not assume any liability in respect of any damage or loss based on the use of this website. In no event shall Natural Resources Canada be liable in any way for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential, or other damages based on any use of this website or any other website to which this site is linked, including, without limitation, any lost profits or revenue or business interruption.Parent Collection:- **[River Ice State in Canada - Cartographic Product Collection](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d1fcb44f-5f86-4957-bdb4-e6fd1aa69283)**

Collection of monitoring products of river ice roughness from current and past winter seasons throughout Canada as monitored by Natural Resources Canada using satellite imagery.This collection of cartographic products regroups river ice state monitoring products and their associated footprints. Three visualization timeframes are available: - **[Active Monitoring of River Ice in Canada](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/7b210c58-2fc7-47c5-8b8a-2605c77d725c)**- **[River Ice in Canada - Current](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8ca6f047-ddef-43d7-81c2-47654f4c69bd)**- **[River Ice in Canada - Archive](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/5e6b40bf-299f-4e05-87c8-d10b9c8210f9)**

This data contains location information for 1 of Ontario’s snow monitoring networks: * Surface Water Monitoring Centre (SWMC) Snow course data is collected by: * conservation authorities * Ontario Power Generation * Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) districts Data is collected twice a month from November 15 until May 15. The Surface Water Monitoring Centre uses this data to assess: * current snow cover * frozen ground conditions * snowpack * potential snowmelt * contributions to streamflow The snow data is located in a corporate water and climate database. This data helps MNR and conservation authorities assess the potential for flood at the local and provincial scale.

The Ministry of Environment operates a network of continuous ambient air monitoring stations to measure the concentration of air pollutants across Saskatchewan. This is considered validated data that has undergone quality control and quality assurance. For best results download the entire dataset without filtering as a CSV. ‘Date and time’ as displayed is your local time. However, downloaded data is in UTC for ‘Date and time’. Any values of -9999, -999, or 9980 are invalid data.Download zip file. The Ministry of Environment operates a network of continuous ambient air monitoring stations. These stations are part of the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) network. Continuous ambient air monitoring stations measure the concentration of air pollutants across Saskatchewan. The data is used to:  • track and report on progress for achieving air quality objectives • measure representative pollutant concentrations and determine long-term trends and • provide air quality information to the public Air pollutants typically come from various industrial activity and natural sources, such as mining, oil and gas, agriculture, forest fires, electrical generation, and the transportation sector. Disclaimer: Hourly data from the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment monitoring stations is validated and updated every quarter. This is the most up-to-date and accurate information available. A final annual review occurs in spring where data are subject to change. For more information please visit the ministry's Air Quality Monitoring page or contact the Ministry of Environment Inquiry Centre: centre.inquiry@gov.sk.ca 1-800-567-4224 

A station is a site on a river or lake where water quantity (water level and flow) are collected and recorded.

Snow and ice are important hydrological resources. Their minimum spatial extent here referred to as annual minimum snow/ice (MSI) cover, plays a very important role as an indicator of long-term changes and baseline capacity for surface water storage. The MSI probability is derived from sequence of seventeen 10-day clear-sky composites corresponding to April, 1 to September, 20 warm period for each year since 2000. Data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra satellite for the period since 2000 have been processed with the special technology developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) as described in Trishchenko, 2016; Trishchenko et al., 2016; 2009, 2006, Trishchenko and Ungureanu, 2021, Khlopenkov and Trishchenko, 2008, Luo et al., 2008. The presence of snow or ice is determined for each pixel of the image based on snow/ice scene identification procedure and the probability if computed for the entire warm season as a ratio of number of snow/ice flags to the total number of pixels available (less or equal to 17). The minimum snow and ice extent can be derived from the probability map by applying a certain threshold. New data version V5.0 replaces previous version V4.0 for all data available since 2000. All MSI files were reprocessed for all MODIS input data based on collection 6.1. The output format has not changed since previous version. It is described in Trishchenko (2024). The impact of input data change is small and can be detected only for time interval 2000-2015. Data starting 2016 has been already derived using MODIS collection 6.1 input.The differences between the MSI data based on MODIS Collection 5 (i.e. MSI V4) versus MODIS Collection 6.1 (i.e. MSI V5), on average, are quite small. The region-wide relative difference in the MSI extent varies from -3.97% to +1.75%. The mean value is -0.14%, the median value is 0.18% and standard deviation is 1.83%. As such, we do not expect any sizeable impact of the version change on our previous conclusions regarding trends and climate variations, except for refining the relative values of statistical parameters within the range of a few percents. References:TRISHCHENKO, A.P., 2024: Probability maps of the annual minimum snow and ice (MSI) presence over April,1 to September, 20 period since 2000 derived from MODIS 250m imagery over Canada and neighbouring regions. Data format description. CCRS, NRCan. 4pp.

Temperature data (typically in time series format) comes from investigations performed by government agencies, geotechnical engineers and consultants, academics, and others to obtain information on the air or ground thermal conditions of a site. Ground temperature investigations generally include the installation of temperature sensors at a variety of depth intervals, and data loggers which record the temperatures at regular time intervals ( e.g., hourly or daily) for varying time periods ranging from one-time or occasional measurements to multi-year monitoring. They also often involve the installation or monitoring of above-ground weather stations. Where ground temperature data characterizes the ground thermal regime, weather data allows for an understanding of the relationship between the ground thermal regime and local weather.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Icefields captured at 1:1,000,000 scale from Digital Chart of the World data for the Yukon and surrounding area.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Environmental Monitoring Stations (EMS) spatial points coverage for the Province by LOCATION TYPES. The following spatial layers reference this as a data source: 1. Environmental Monitoring - All Stations 2. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Air Monitoring (Ambient Air Site) 3. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Air Monitoring (Air Permit) 4. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Water Monitoring) 5. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Water Permits) 6. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Well) 7. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Observation Well) 8. Environmental Monitoring Stations - Water Sites (Spring)

Ice maps produced for the prevention of flooding by ice jams and the monitoring of river ice during spring floods, winter temperatures or even during problems with ice jams.The maps are derived from radar satellite images, therefore available regardless of cloud cover, from several different sources, using algorithms to classify pixels into types of ice cover. Data is only processed and displayed on the main rivers at risk.The date the image was taken and the approximate region covered by the data is shown in the layer name. Data is added several times a week, but the frequency of revisits to each river can vary between 2 days and 2 weeks. The satellites and algorithms used according to the periods are summarized in this list:* __Image prefix__: period covered; source satellite; resolution of maps produced; algorithm used * __R2__: 2018 - 2022; Radarsat 2; 7m; ICEMAP-r* __RCM__: 2024 - now; Radarsat Constellation Mission; 5m; ICEMAP-r version 2024 * __S1__: 2018 - now; Sentinel 1; 12.5m; Arctus proprietary algorithm The different classes in the legend make it possible to differentiate the following types of ice:* __Water (dark blue) __: open water* __Water/Smooth Ice (blue) __: combination of water on ice, or spaced frasil rafts* __Smooth ice (cyan) __: or black ice, the exact term for this type of ice is “columnar ice”, due to the vertical and elongated shape of the crystals that compose it. Black ice is generally transparent because it contains few or no air bubbles. It is formed by cooling, in fairly calm water, which is why it is sometimes called “thermal ice”. Its surface is very smooth.* __Consolidated ice (light pink) __: includes Frasil ice or snow ice. Frasil ice forms in turbulent and very cold water. Composed of fine rounded crystals. These grains accumulate and rise to the surface to form moving ice rafts. These rafts end up close enough to freeze together (agglomerated ice). It contains a lot of air bubbles. Its surface is slightly to moderately rough. * __Consolidated ice with clusters (dark pink) __: ice cover formed by the stacking and freezing of various forms of moving ice; blocks that are superimposed or pieces of ice that are detached in one place and that are piled up in another. Moderately rough to very rough surface.The images from Radarsat-2 and RCM are obtained through a partnership between Public Safety Canada and the MSP. The ICEMAP-R algorithm developed by INRS makes it possible to identify the type of ice according to the internal roughness of the ice (presence of air bubbles) and the roughness of the surface of the ice cover (presence of blocks and accumulations). The initial version was usable for Radarsat 2. The 2022 and 2023 RCM ice maps are given as an indication (new algorithm in progress), only data since 2024 are processed with the Icemap-R algorithm adapted to RCM.Since 2018, the MSP has also used images from Sentinel-1, a radar satellite from the European Space Agency with a resolution of 10 m, resampled to 12.5m for ice maps. The images are then processed by the firm Arctus, which uses a proprietary algorithm.The output of the various algorithms has been reclassified to obtain a comparable legend. Historical data may have presented an alternative classification. Until 2022, the legend varied between winter and thaw. The web service also contains visible satellite images from Landsat satellites (the image prefixes are then L8, L9) or Sentinel 2 (prefix S2). In this case, colored compounds (false colors to benefit from infrared bands in particular) are used to best visualize the presence of ice. From 2024, the colored compound S2 used is as follows:* Red: 8A band (Near Infrared - VNIR) 20m (resampled to 10m)* Green: band 3 (Green) 10m * Blue: band 2 (Blue) 10m**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**