RADARSAT-1, in operation from 1995 to 2013, is Canada's first earth observation satellite. Developed and operated by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), it has provided essential information to government, scientists and commercial users.Ultimately, the RADARSAT-1 mission generated the largest synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data archive in the world. In April 2019, 36,000 images were made accessible through the Earth Observation Data Management System (eodms-sgdot.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca).A heatmap of processed images was produced by the CSA and helps visualize the density of images available by mapped sector during the RADARSAT-1 mission.

The Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO) has created a 30m resolution radar mosaic of Canada's landmass from the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM). This product highlights different types of radar interaction with the surface, which can assist the interpretation and study of land cover on a national scale. The national mosaic is made up of 3222 RCM images acquired between August 2023 and February 2024. (Credit: RADARSAT Constellation Mission imagery © Government of Canada [2024]. RADARSAT is an official mark of the CSA.)

The RADARSAT Constellation is the evolution of the RADARSAT Program with the objective of ensuring data continuity, improved operational use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and improved system reliability. The three-satellite configuration provides daily revisits of Canada's vast territory and maritime approaches, as well as daily access to 90% of the world's surface.RCM is tasked solely by the Government of Canada, to acquire data, first and foremost in support of Government of Canada services and needs. RCM data and services contributes to ensuring the safety and security of Canadians; monitoring and protecting the environment; monitoring of climate change; managing Canada’s natural resources; and stimulating innovation, research and economic development. In addition to these core user areas, there are expected to be a wide range of ad hoc uses of RADARSAT Constellation data in many different applications within the public and private sectors, both in Canada and internationally. The current data set reflects the acquisition plans that are designed to meet the RCM SAR imaging demands of the Government of Canada. These are being made available publicly in advance of the acquisitions. To meet the data needs of the Government of Canada, acquisitions may be changed without notice. After their acquisition and processing, the RCM image products listed in the current data set, will be delivered to the Earth Observation Data Management System - EODMS (https://www.eodms-sgdot.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/index-en.html) portal of Natural Resources Canada. Users can register to the EODMS portal as public users to retrieve the RCM image products. For those requiring a greater access to RCM imagery consisting of product types or spatial resolutions not available to public users: you may apply to upgrade your public account to an ‘RCM external vetted entity’ EODMS user type account. For more information on this process, please contact the Canadian Space Agency using the information available at the following link : https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/radarsat/access-to-data/how-to-become-a-user.aspPublication frequency :I. Future acquisition plans are published every two weeks for a two-week window that starts two weeks from the publication date. As an example, acquisition plan published on April 1st covers acquisitions from April 14 to 27. The next plan is published on April 14th and covers from April 28 to May 11.II. Past acquisitions plans are published monthly and covers a period of one month from the first to the last day As an example, acquisition plan published on April 1st covers acquisition made between the March 1 and March 31. The next plan covers the month of April.

In 2016, the Earth Observation Team of the Science and Technology Branch (STB) at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) repeated the process of generating annual crop inventory digital maps using satellite imagery to for all of Canada, in support of a national crop inventory. A Decision Tree (DT) based methodology was applied using optical (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, Gaofen-1) and radar (RADARSAT-2) based satellite images, and having a final spatial resolution of 30m. In conjunction with satellite acquisitions, ground-truth information was provided by: provincial crop insurance companies in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, & Quebec; point observations from the BC Ministry of Agriculture, & the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; and data collection supported by our regional AAFC Research and Development Centres in St. John’s, Kentville, Charlottetown, Fredericton, Guelph, and Summerland.

In 2017, the Earth Observation Team of the Science and Technology Branch (STB) at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) repeated the process of generating annual crop inventory digital maps using satellite imagery to for all of Canada, in support of a national crop inventory. A Decision Tree (DT) based methodology was applied using optical (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, Gaofen-1) and radar (RADARSAT-2) based satellite images, and having a final spatial resolution of 30m. In conjunction with satellite acquisitions, ground-truth information was provided by: provincial crop insurance companies in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, & Quebec; point observations from the BC Ministry of Agriculture, & the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; and data collection supported by our regional AAFC Research and Development Centres in St. John’s, Kentville, Charlottetown, Fredericton, Guelph, and Summerland

This mosaic is calculated over the North American domain with a horizontal spatial resolution of 1 km. This mosaic therefore includes all the Canadian and American radars available in the network and which can reach a maximum of 180 contributing radars. To better represent precipitation over the different seasons, this mosaic renders in mm/h to represent rain and in cm/h to represent snow. For the two precipitation types (rain and snow), we use two different mathematical relationships to convert the reflectivity by rainfall rates (mm/h rain cm/h for snow). This is a hybrid mosaic from DPQPE (Dual-Pol Quantitative Precipitation Estimation) for S-Band radars. For the US Nexrad radars, ECCC uses the most similar product from the US Meteorological Service (NOAA). This product displays radar reflectivity converted into precipitation rates, using the same formulas as the Canadian radars.

Radar coverage is provided to dynamically display the zones covered by the radars every 6 minutes, and to provide information on the availability (or not) of the contributing radars as well as on the areas of overlap.

This dataset provides the results obtained by Health Canada’s Radiological Monitoring Network (CRMN) for airborne radioactivity content at monitoring stations across Canada. More information about the CRMN network can be found on the Health Canada website (see link below). The results provided are activity concentration, uncertainty and the minimum detectable concentration for the naturally occurring radionuclides, beryllium-7 (7Be) and lead-210 (210Pb), and the anthropogenic (originating from human activity) radionuclides, cesium-134 (134Cs), cesium-137 (137Cs), and iodine-131 (131I). The data comes from the analysis of particulates accumulated in filter media, drawn by high-volume air samplers fixed in the field. Such data is typically dominated by natural radionuclides, such as 7Be and 210Pb. 7Be is a natural cosmogenic radionuclide that is produced in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays bombard oxygen and nitrogen. 210Pb is also a natural radioisotope that results from the decay of uranium (238U) to radium (226Ra). 238U comes from the soil and eventually decays to 210Pb. Radon-222, which is a natural radioactive gas, is also a part of this decay chain. Radon moves through the soil and becomes diluted in the atmosphere. If a home is built on soil or rocks that contain uranium, radon can seep into homes and may accumulate to high levels. More information about the Health Canada radon program can be found on the Health Canada website. For all our stations, the airborne radioactivity data shows a small increase in the activity concentration of 134Cs, 137Cs and 131I measured between March and May of 2011, attributable to the nuclear accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. It is important to note that, even at their respective peaks, the measured activity concentrations of 134Cs, 137Cs and 131I represent only a small fraction of typical background exposure from natural sources of radiation. Occasionally, other small increases in activity concentration of anthropogenic radionuclides are observed. Spikes in 137Cs activity are often associated with forest fires, which can lead to the re-suspension of 137Cs already present in the environment, most likely from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the 1960’s. Detection of small amounts of 131I is commonly associated with its medical use by hospitals.The map shows the approximate sampling location for each monitoring station. Stations are found within the associated location range.

The Canadian long term satellite data record (LTDR) derived from 1-km resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data was produced by the Canada Center for Remote Sensing (CCRS). Processing included: geolocation, calibration, and compositing using Earth Observation Data Manager (Latifovic et al. 2005), cloud screening (Khlopenkov and Trishchenko, 2006), BRDF correction (Latifovic et. al., 2003), atmosphere and other corrections as described in Cihlar et. al. (2004). For temporal analysis of vegetation cross-sensor correction of Latifovic et al. (2012) is advised. Data collected by the AVHRR instrument on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 9,11,14,16,17,18 and 19 satellites were used to generate Canada-wide 1-km 10-day AVHRR composites. Data are available starting in 1985. It is important to note that there are three types of AVHRR sensors: (i) AVHRR-1 flown onboard TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-8, and NOAA-10; (ii) AVHRR-2 flown onboard NOAA-7, NOAA-9, NOAA-11, NOAA-12, and NOAA-14; and (iii) AVHRR-3 currently operational onboard NOAA-15, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18 and NOAA-19. The AVHRR-1 has four channels, AVHRR-2 has five channels and the AVHRR-3 has six channels, although only five channels of AVHRR-3 can be operational at any one time. As such, channels 3A (1.6 m) and 3B (3.7 m) work interchangeably. The processing procedure was designed to minimize artefacts in AVHRR composite images. There are thirty six 10-day image composites per year. The following three processing levels are provided: P1) top of atmosphere reflectance and brightness temperature, P2) reflectance at surface and surface temperature and P3) reflectance at surface normalized to a common viewing geometry (BRDF normalization). The processing level P1 and P2 are provided for all 36 composites while level P3 is provided for 21 composites from April – October.

This dataset contains the total annual releases of radionuclides released directly to the environment through stack emissions from uranium and nuclear substance processing facilities in Canada.This original radionuclide releases dataset of the uranium and nuclear substance processing facilities provides results for both stack emissions and direct discharge (i.e. releases to water). The dataset has been divided in two subsets for better discoverability. In this record as its title indicates, you will find the stack emissions results mapped. Make sure to look at the uranium and nuclear substance processing facilities direct discharge record in order to obtain a complete picture.