Snow and ice are important hydrological resources. Their minimum spatial extent here referred to as annual minimum snow/ice (MSI) cover, plays a very important role as an indicator of long-term changes and baseline capacity for surface water storage. The MSI probability is derived from sequence of seventeen 10-day clear-sky composites corresponding to April, 1 to September, 20 warm period for each year since 2000. Data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra satellite for the period since 2000 have been processed with the special technology developed at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) as described in Trishchenko, 2016; Trishchenko et al., 2016; 2009, 2006, Trishchenko and Ungureanu, 2021, Khlopenkov and Trishchenko, 2008, Luo et al., 2008. The presence of snow or ice is determined for each pixel of the image based on snow/ice scene identification procedure and the probability if computed for the entire warm season as a ratio of number of snow/ice flags to the total number of pixels available (less or equal to 17). The minimum snow and ice extent can be derived from the probability map by applying a certain threshold. New data version V5.0 replaces previous version V4.0 for all data available since 2000. All MSI files were reprocessed for all MODIS input data based on collection 6.1. The output format has not changed since previous version. It is described in Trishchenko (2024). The impact of input data change is small and can be detected only for time interval 2000-2015. Data starting 2016 has been already derived using MODIS collection 6.1 input.The differences between the MSI data based on MODIS Collection 5 (i.e. MSI V4) versus MODIS Collection 6.1 (i.e. MSI V5), on average, are quite small. The region-wide relative difference in the MSI extent varies from -3.97% to +1.75%. The mean value is -0.14%, the median value is 0.18% and standard deviation is 1.83%. As such, we do not expect any sizeable impact of the version change on our previous conclusions regarding trends and climate variations, except for refining the relative values of statistical parameters within the range of a few percents. References:TRISHCHENKO, A.P., 2024: Probability maps of the annual minimum snow and ice (MSI) presence over April,1 to September, 20 period since 2000 derived from MODIS 250m imagery over Canada and neighbouring regions. Data format description. CCRS, NRCan. 4pp.

In the hydrogeological unit, quantity of water that replenishes groundwater beneath the water table, expressed in mm/yr. Recharge is usually calculated using hydrology balance, integrating information from precipitation, hydrology data, drainage, soil properties, evapotranspiration, etc. The result is a raster dataset in which each cell has a given value for the recharge of the aquifer. It can be calculate using HELP software, developed by the US EPA. The methods used to create the dataset are described in the metadata associated with the dataset. The dataset represent a raster in which each cell has a mean value describing the global annual recharge of the hydrogeological unit.

Level below which soil or rock is saturated with water, in the well and at the time the level has been measured, expressed in m above the sea level. Groundwater levels measured are interpolated / extrapolated to obtain groundwater level on every cell of the hydrogeological unit raster. Surfer and ArcGis are the software usually used to create groundwater level raster. The dataset designates a raster with a groundwater level, for each cell of the hydrogeological unit.

The Canada Basemap Transportation (CBMT) is a raster tile service that provides spatial reference context with an emphasis on transportation networks across Canada. It is designed especially for use as a background layer in a web mapping application or geographic information system (GIS). Access: Access is free of charge under the terms of the Open Government Licence - Canada.Data Sources: Data for the CBMT is sourced from the following datasets:- Topographic data of Canada – CanVec Series- Official names from the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB).Projections:- Data is provided in the EPSG:3978 (NAD83 Canada Atlas Lambert) projected coordinate system.- Data is provided in the EPSG:3857 (WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator) projected coordinate system.Geographic Coverage: - The CBMT in the EPSG:3857 has complete coverage of the world, with full datasets in Canada and only partial data in other parts of the world including boundaries, Country Names, and major cities.- The CBMT in the EPSG:3978 covers the entire geographic area of Canada and some major transportation routes and cities in the northern States of the USA.Additional Versions: - The CBMT is available as a dynamic service (WMS) or a tiled service (ESRI REST and WMTS). - A geometry-only version (CBMT GEOM) and a text-only version (CBMT TXT) are available. - French versions of the basemap are accessible via the Carte de base du Canada - Transport (CBCT).

The Indigenous Populations of Canada map is derived from the CanEcumene 2.0 Geodatabase using custom tabulations of census-based population data. Indigenous communities within the level of the census sub-division (CSD) were identified using a combination of sources from census field data (see Eddy et. al. 2020 for more details). This map shows the percent of Indigenous population in CanEcumene 2.0 communities using graduated symbols, overlaid upon a population density raster. The larger the symbol, the higher the percentage of Indigenous population in that area. The darker the colour in the underlying raster, the denser is the general population. This map illustrates how the majority of Indigenous populations reside in locations outside of the denser populated areas of Canada.

Digital terrain model (DTMRAW) is an expression of the bare earth orthometric elevation (m). Available here as a DTM raster (GeoTIF) with a 5 m pixel resolution.Download: Here The Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, Forest Service Branch, has developed a forest resource inventory (FRI) which meets a variety of strategic and operational planning information needs for the boreal plains. Such needs include information on the general land cover, terrain, and growing stock (height, diameter, basal area, timber volume and stem density) within the provincial forest and adjacent forest fringe. This inventory provides spatially explicit information as 10 m or 20 m raster grids and as vectors polygons for relatively homogeneous forest stands or naturally non-forested areas with a 0.5 ha minimum area and a 2.0 ha median area.    Digital terrain model (DTMRAW) is an expression of the bare earth orthometric elevation (m). DTMRAW is available here as a color-mapped 16-bit unsigned integer raster grid in GeoTIFF format with a 5 m pixel resolution. An ArcGIS Pro layer file (*.lyrx) is supplied for viewing DTMRAW data in the following 50 m elevation intervals. A 32-bit floating point raster version is available upon request.    Domain: [NULL, 200…1500].    RANGE LABEL RED GREEN BLUE 200 <= DTMRAW < 225 200 27 94 32 225 <= DTMRAW < 275 250 51 113 51 275 <= DTMRAW < 325 300 76 131 70 325 <= DTMRAW < 375 350 100 150 89 375 <= DTMRAW < 425 400 124 169 108 425 <= DTMRAW < 475 450 148 188 127 475 <= DTMRAW < 525 500 173 206 146 525 <= DTMRAW < 575 550 197 225 165 575 <= DTMRAW < 625 600 226 232 127 625 <= DTMRAW < 675 650 255 238 88 675 <= DTMRAW < 725 700 255 203 63 725 <= DTMRAW < 775 750 255 167 38 775 <= DTMRAW < 825 800 188 126 55 825 <= DTMRAW < 875 850 121 85 72 For more information, see the Forest Inventory Standard of the Saskatchewan Environmental Code, Forest Inventory Chapter. 

Hydraulic properties characterize a hydrogeological unit. The hydraulic properties considered for this dataset are the transmissivity, the hydraulic conductivity, the storage coefficient, the specific storage coefficient and the porosity. Hydraulic properties are estimated by performing aquifer tests (pumping tests, slug tests). The hydraulic tests and their duration are managed in this dataset. The methods used to create the dataset are described in the metadata associated with the dataset. The dataset exhibits a general description of hydraulic properties of the hydrogeological unit, including hydraulic test, total test duration, method and date. It includes numbers and/or ranges describing the aquifer tests results. Note that an alternate raster representation could be used in complement to the discrete point-based representation.

This deep water substrate bottom type model was created to aid in habitat modeling, and to complement the nearshore bottom patches. It was created from a combination of bathymetrically-derived layers in addition to bottom type observations. Using random forest classification, the relationship between observed substrates and bathymetric derivatives was estimated across the entire area of interest. The raster is categorized into: 1) Rock, 2) Mixed, 3) Sand, 4) Mud

This dataset includes five depth-attenuated relative wave exposure index layers in raster format. Relative Exposure Index (REI) values are calculated based on effective fetch (derived from fetch values) combined with modelled wind data. The output REI layers are attenuated by depth, resulting in greater values in shallow, nearshore areas (Bekkby et al. 2008). The cell values represent an estimate of wave exposure at bottom depth normalized between regions from 0 (protected) to 1 (exposed).The objective of this dataset is to provide an estimate of wave exposure at bottom depth, primarily for use in species distribution modelling. Each single-band raster corresponds to a marine region, which generally coincide with the following layers from the Species Distribution Modelling Boundaries (https://www.gis-hub.ca/dataset/sdm-boundaries) dataset: Nearshore_HG, Nearshore_NCC, Nearshore_QCS, Nearshore_QCS, and Shelf_SalishSea. These layers extend to 50 m depth and up to 5 km from shore.Tabular data (csv files) are also included as part of the data package. These data are the calculated Relative Exposure Index (REI) values with fields for position information. The fetch values from gridded nearshore fetch (https://gis-hub.ca/dataset/gridded-nearshore-fetch) are used as a source dataset and the locations in the REI are the same as the gridded fetch.

A national map of Canadian Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP) Fuel Types (FT) developed from public data sources. The resolution of the raster grid is 30m, classified from the Spatialized Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) dataset, ecozones of Canada, and the National Burned Area Composite (NBAC). The purpose of the dataset is to characterize Canadian forests into fuel types for use in Fire Behaviour Prediction calculations as well as for situational awareness of national fire potential.