Canadian tides and water level station information, benchmarks, observed water level data, and tidal predictions.The Canadian tide and water level data archive presently holds water level observations reported from over a thousand stations, with the earliest dating back to 1848. The number of observations spans on average 6 years per station, with 60 stations measuring water levels for over 50 years.Over 800 stations are subjected to appreciable effect of tides, and for most of these stations, the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) calculates and publishes predictions of the water levels associated with the vertical movement of the tide.Observations from the CHS Permanent Water Level Network are added on a daily to monthly basis. Data are also exchanged annually with the Water Survey of Canada.Each point in the map represents a station with links to observations, tidal predictions, and benchmark information, where available.

The map brings together data on wave breaking during the High Tides in December 2010. Purpose: To report on the situation during the High Tides in December 2010.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

The Shore Unit Classifications Lines depict the most current Shorezone mapping lines for the Province of British Columbia. Shorezone is an aerial imaging, habitat classification, and mapping system used to inventory alongshore and across-shore geomorphological and biological attributes of the coast. Habitat attributes are interpreted from oblique aerial imagery acquired during the lowest tides of the year.

Data were collected during aerial surveys carried out at low tides in June and August 1994-1997, 2000 and 2001. June and August are respectively pupping and moulting seasons, when the haulout sites are intensively used by seals. Features in this layer show the Grey seal distribution and mean abundance for all aerial surveys (tables 4 and 6, figures 4 and 6 from Robillard et al. 2005). In the estuary, areas of high abundance have more than 25 individuals, areas of medium abundance have between 5 and 25 individuals and areas of low abundance have fewer than 5 individuals. In the Gulf, areas of high abundance have more than 70 individuals and areas of medium to low abundance have fewer than 70 individuals.Data are valid only during summer because Grey seals in the Estuary and northern Gulf migrate to the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in the fall. These seals will spend the winter on Sable Island, on the ice shelf in the Northumberland Strait or on neighboring islands. During the summer, in the Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, its distribution is not uniform between the different concentration areas identified, but it is similar between June and August. However, there are some areas where Grey seals are more abundant in August than in June. Abundance classes are arbitrary but fit with the published results of haul-out sites utilization from Robillard et al. (2005). Data shown are a picture of the situation in 2005 because it is the most recent mapping available for this species.Data sources and references:Lavigueur, L., Hammill, M.O., and Asselin, S. 1993. Distribution et biologie des phoques et autres mammifères marins dans la région du parc marin du Saguenay. Rapp. manus. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 2220: vi + 40.Lesage, V., and Hammill, M.O. 2001. The status of the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, in the Northwest Atlantic. Can. Field-Nat. 115(4): 653-662.Robillard, A., V. Lesage, and M.O. Hammill. 2005. Distribution and abundance of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1994–2001. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2613: 152 pp.

Most of the data were collected during aerial surveys carried out at low tides during June and August 1994-1997, 2000 and 2001. June and August are respectively pupping and moulting seasons, when the haulout sites are intensively used by seals. Features in this layer show the Harbour seal distribution and the mean abundance for all aerial surveys (tables 3 and 5, figures 3 and 5 from Robillard et al. 2005). In the estuary, areas of high abundance have more than 30 individuals, areas of medium abundance have between 10 and 30 individuals and areas of low abundance have fewer than 10 individuals. In the Gulf, areas of high abundance have more than 50 individuals and areas of medium to low abundance have fewer than 50 individuals. Unpublished data obtained from Parks Canada and Sepaq were also used to identify important haulout areas in the Saguenay Fjord sector and in Pointe-aux-Vaches tidal flat sectors, which have been categorized in this dataset as high abundance areas.Data are valid only during summer (except for the Pointe-aux-Vaches flats identified as mainly frequented in autumn by Parc Canada), because spring and fall distributions of the Harbour seal are unknown. Data shown in the Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence are a picture of the situation in 2005 because it is the most recent mapping available for this specie. The distribution of the Harbour seal is non-uniform among the different concentration areas but is similar between June and August. However, Harbour seals tend to decrease their presence along the south shore and the Lower Estuary in August to the benefit of the Saguenay River colonies. Abundance classes are arbitrary but fit with the published results of haulout site utilization from Robillard et al. (2005).Data sources :Parks Canada. 2021. Personal communication. Harbor seal monitoring data on the Pointe-aux-Vaches tidal flat. Parks Canada and SÉPAQ, 2020. Données du suivi du phoque commun dans le fjord du Saguenay. Unpublished data.Robillard, A., V. Lesage, and M.O. Hammill. 2005. Distribution and abundance of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1994–2001. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2613: 152 pp.

The Shore Unit Classifications Polygons depict the most current areas of Shorezone mapping for the Province of British Columbia. Shorezone is an aerial imaging, habitat classification, and mapping system used to inventory alongshore and across-shore geomorphological and biological attributes of the coast. Habitat attributes are interpreted from oblique aerial imagery acquired during the lowest tides of the year. The mapping project was first developed as an oil spill response tool for British Columbia, and now ShoreZone extends from Oregon to Alaska and has many other uses including ecological studies, marine conservation planning, coastal flooding and vulnerability assessments, and community education.

Geographic bathymetric grid data at 100 m x 100 m pixel resolution.Datum: WGS84Collaboration of Canada, the United States of America and the European Union as part of the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance's second project under the Galway Statement. Project mapped the North Atlantic seafloor along a transect from Halifax, Canada to Tromsø, Norway to further the understanding of marine habitats, conservation and navigation. Chief Scientist / Primary Investigator name: Paola Travaglini Platform: CCGS Louis S. St- Laurent (Canadian heavy icebreaker)Device 1 type: Multibeam echo-sounder (sonar)Device 1 manufacturer: Kongsberg Device 1 model: EM122, hull installed behind ice protection window Data and Data format:100 m resolution grid of bathymetryBAG format: Bathymetric Attributed Grid ObjectNavigation and positioning: Trimble GNSS receiver + antennas Applanix POS/MV v5 inertial measuring system Horizontal Datum: WGS84 (G1762) Tidal correction:Zero tide applied: tides are not well known for the major part of the data and tides over very deep water are generally negligible. Sound Velocity Profile measurements:In-situ sound velocity profiles were applied.Note on accuracy/S-44 survey standards:Considering the intended output from this survey (IHO Order 1a - Areas shallower than 100 metres where under-keel clearance is less critical but features of concern to surface shipping may exist.) and using an average depth of 2000m as ‘d’ in the IHO Standard Equation - the allowable Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) must be < 26m which indeed the data has achieved (by comparison with overlapping datasets from other surveys/agency data).IHO Order 1aHorizontal positioning accuracy: 5.0 m + 5% of depth (95% Confidence level)(~105 m at a mean depth of 2000 m)Vertical positioning accuracy: 2.5 m < 26 m = Sqrt((0.5 m)^2+(0.013 x 2000 m)^2)

The Coastal Environmental Baseline Program is a multi-year Fisheries and Oceans Canada initiative designed to work with Indigenous and local communities and other key parties to collect coastal environmental data at six unique sites across Canada, including the Port of Saint John (New Brunswick). The overall purpose of the Program is to collect localized ecological data in these areas to build a better baseline understanding of marine ecological conditions. The Maritimes region has developed a physical oceanography project to align with the interests and data needs of local communities and stakeholders. Starting in 2020, data describing the depth and temperature of tidal flood waters have been collected at a series of intertidal locations in the Port of Saint John vicinity, to characterize high marsh flood tides and water level fluctuations near the Courtenay Bay causeway. Inundation by marine waters in high marsh areas is typically limited to spring tides, while the water level in Courtenay Bay is influenced by anthropogenic infrastructure (e.g. causeway, tide gates). The resulting data can enhance studies ranging from coastal vulnerability and resilience to salt marsh morphodynamics, by quantifying the frequency, amplitude and duration of tidal inundation. Data were collected using Hobo U20-001-02 water level loggers, which were deployed inside stilling wells constructed from 15-inch lengths of perforated ABS pipe (2¼” diameter). The stilling wells were sunk to a depth of 6 inches below ground, with the water level logger suspended inside the well from a bolt near the top. The logger was positioned with a rigid wire such that the measurement volume was equal to ground level, while allowing the logger to be easily removed for downloading and precisely replaced at the measurement location. Loggers were accessed 2-3 times per year to download, and were removed during the winter months. Data have been compensated for changing atmospheric pressure using the Barometric Compensation Tool in HobowarePro (version 3.7.21) and barometric pressure data collected from a dry location during the study period. The resulting water level is reported in meters, and is relative to the elevation of the water level logger (e.g. above ground level).Citation: Port of Saint John intertidal water level and temperature (2020-2022). Coastal Environmental Baseline Program. Coastal Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, N.B. XX-XX-2024

Geographic bathymetric grid data at 100 m x 100 m pixel resolution. Datum: WGS84Collaboration of Canada, the United States of America and the European Union as part of the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance's fifth project under the Galway Statement. Project mapped the North Atlantic seafloor along a transect from Halifax, Canada to Tromsø, Norway to further the understanding of marine habitats, conservation and navigation. Chief Scientist / Primary Investigator name: Paola Travaglini Platform: CCGS Louis S. St- Laurent (Canadian heavy icebreaker)Device 1 type: Multibeam echo-sounder (sonar)Device 1 manufacturer: Kongsberg Device 1 model: EM122 behind an ice protection window Data and Data format:100 m resolution grid of bathymetryBAG format: Bathymetric Attributed Grid ObjectNavigation and positioning: Trimble GNSS receiver + antennae Applanix POS/MV v5 inertial measuring system Horizontal Datum: WGS84 (G1762) Tidal correction:Zero tide applied: tides are not well known for the major part of the data and tides over very deep water are generally negligible. Sound Velocity Profile measurements:In-situ sound velocity profiles were applied.Note on accuracy/S-44 survey standards:Considering the intended output from this survey (IHO Order 1a - Areas shallower than 100 metres where under-keel clearance is less critical but features of concern to surface shipping may exist.) and using an average depth of 2000 m as ‘d’ in the IHO Standard Equation - the allowable Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) must be < 26m which indeed the data has achieved (by comparison with overlapping datasets from other surveys/agency data).IHO Order 1aHorizontal positioning accuracy: 5.0 m + 5% of depth (95% Confidence level)(~105 m at a mean depth of 2000 m)Vertical positioning accuracy: 2.5 m < 26.0 m = Sqrt((0.5 m)^2+(0.013 x 2000 m)^2)

Extreme water level along the marine coastline is a result of a combination of storm surge, tides, and ocean waves. Future projections of climate change in the marine environment indicate that rising sea level and declining sea ice will cause changes in extreme water levels, which will impact Canada's coastlines and the infrastructure in these areas. Understanding these changes is essential for developing adaptation strategies that can minimize the harmful effects that may result.CAN-EWLAT is a science-based planning tool for climate change adaptation of coastal infrastructure related to future water-level extremes and changes in wave climate. The tool includes two main components: 1) vertical allowance and 2) wave climate. CAN-EWLAT was developed primarily for DFO Small Craft Harbours (SCH) locations, but it should prove useful for coastal planners dealing with infrastructure along Canada’s ocean coastlines.Cite this data as: Greenan B. Canadian Extreme Water Level Adaptation Tool (CAN-EWLAT) Published June 2022. Oceans Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S.