A vector representation of stream networks is a crucial dataset for the modelling the surface water and groundwater components of the hydrologic cycle. For many usages a crucial attribute of the drainage network is a digital topology and hierarchal stream order attribute (e.g., Strahler stream order). In Canada jurisdictional stream networks are available for the provinces and territories and nationally for Canada in the National Hydrological Network (NHN) dataset. Unfortunately, the NHN data lacks the same topological and attribute information that is available for numerous provinces due to standardization for the entire country. For Canada1Water it was also necessary to have a harmonized dataset with the United States, for both the southern transboundary watersheds and the Alaskan watersheds. This report documents the processes completed to upgrade the topological and graph network support for NHN and provide continuous connectivity with US datasets. It also highlights and corrects a number of stream density and stream order issues that occur within Canada across provincial and territorial borders and NTS tiles. All vector processing was completed in RivEX software extension for ArcMap. Following complete topological correction stream classification was assigned and a table of the node graph network developed. Additional work was then completed to normalize stream density particularly amongst low-order streams between British Columbia and the Yukon and amongst local NTS tiles in Quebec and Ontario. Corrected NHN Strahler stream order assignment was validated against a number of provincial and watershed datasets, all of which already have Strahler stream order attributed. These datasets are the same underlying digitized vector data, so there are no differences in node or polyline positions. Strahler stream order assignment validation was only done by visual comparison as due to differences in vector segments a statistical comparison is complicated. The transboundary integrated C1W stream network with complete classification provides a seamless national dataset to support transdisciplinary studies (fisheries, wildlife, health, pesticide and nutrient issues, mining impact, ecosystem restoration, numeric modelling) that involve a knowledge of stream distribution and ranking.

Long-term freshwater quality data from federal and federal-provincial sampling sites throughout Canada's aquatic ecosystems are included in this dataset. Measurements regularly include physical-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, alkalinity, major ions, nutrients and metals. Collection includes data from active sites, as well as historical sites that have a period of record suitable for trend analysis. Sampling frequencies vary according to monitoring objectives. The number of sites in the network varies slightly from year-to-year, as sites are adjusted according to a risk-based adaptive management framework. The Great Lakes are sampled on a rotation basis and not all sites are sampled every year. Data are collected to meet federal commitments related to transboundary watersheds (rivers and lakes crossing international, inter-provincial and territorial borders) or under authorities such as the Department of the Environment Act, the Canada Water Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, or to meet Canada's commitments under the 1969 Master Agreement on Apportionment.

Data represents surface water occurrence frequency (percentage), which describes the frequency for each grid appeared as water in the 30 years time period of 1991 to 2020. The data covers Canada’s entire landmass including all transboundary watersheds, and is at 30-meter spatial resolution. The surface water occurrence frequency is derived using the surface water model of Wang et al. (2023) from all-available monthly water data observed by the Landsat satellites (Pekel et al., 2016). Here, permanent waters are represented by 100%, and permanent land surfaces by 0%, of water occurrence for a 30-meter by 30-meter grid.References:Pekel, J.-F., A. Cottam, N. Gorelick, A.S. Belward, 2016, High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422.Wang, S., J. Li, and H. A. J. Russell, 2023, Methods for Estimating Surface Water Storage Changes and Their Evaluations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-22-0098.1.

This service provides routeing measures. These include established (mandatory) direction of traffic flow, recommended direction of traffic flow, separation lines, separation zones, limits of restricted routeing measure, limits of routeing measures, precautionary areas, archipelagic sea lanes (axis line and limit beyond which vessels shall not navigate) and fairways designated by regulatory authority.

Routes that cruise ships travel off the coast of BC

Surveyed Cadastral Framework for Yukon First Nations and Tetlit Gwich'in settlement lands including rural blocks (R-block) and Site specific (S-sites) lands of the First Nations that have ratified their agreements. Settlement land is land identified in a first nation's final agreement as settlement land of the first nation. There are three types of settlement land that a Yukon First Nation can own and manage: Category A: complete ownership of surface and subsurface; Category B: complete ownership of the surface only; Fee Simple: private ownership. In the source NRCAN ICM dataset all First Nation Lands were included in the Land_parcel feature class. They have being extracted from land_parcel to produce this separate feature class.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

The Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundaries web service includes legislative boundaries of Indian Reserves, Land Claim Settlement Lands (lands created under Comprehensive Land Claims Process that do not or will not have Indian Reserve status under the Indian Act) and Indian Lands. More specifically it includes the following lands: 1) Indian Reserves that include: 1.1) surrendered lands or a reserve, as defined in the Indian Act (this definition excludes Indian Settlements and Indian Communities); and 1.2) Sechelt lands, as defined in the Sechelt Indian Band Self-Government Act, chapter 27 of the Statutes of Canada, 1986; 2) Land Claim Settlement Lands that include: 2.1) Category IA land or Category IA-N land, as defined in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act, chapter 18 of the Statutes of Canada, 1984 (category 1B and category II Lands are excluded from this definition); 2.2) Settlement land, as defined in the Yukon First Nations Self-Government Act, and lands in which an interest is transferred or recognized under section 21 of that Act (only Yukon First Nations Settlement Lands, which were surveyed and the survey plan recorded, are included in the map service); 2.3) Inuit Owned Lands as defined in the Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada given effect and declared valid by the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act (it includes all parcels that have been surveyed and those that do not require a survey (this includes the islands)); 2.4) Gwich’in Lands as defined in the Gwich’in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act; 2.5) Inuvialuit Lands as defined in the Western Arctic (Inuvialuit) Claims Settlement Act; 2.6) Sahtu Lands as defined in The Sahtu Dene and Métis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement given effect and declared valid by the Sahtu Dene and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act; and 2.7) Tlicho lands, as defined in the Tlicho Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Act; 3) Indian Lands that include: 3.1) Lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, as defined in the Kanesatake Mohawk Interim Land Base Governance Act, other than the lands known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17.The data available for download is the former Geobase-Aboriginal Lands product. There are some attribute differences between the data available for download and the web service; however both contain the same underlying data. Please refer to the Supporting Documents for additional information on the Geobase - Aboriginal Lands dataset. Work is under way to align these two data products.

Watershed subdistricts of Manitoba

TA_CROWN_LEASES_SVW - A Crown Land Lease is a type of land tenure issued under the Land Act. A Land Act Lease is issued where long term tenure is required, where substantial improvements are proposed, and/or where definite boundaries are required in order to avoid land use and property conflicts. The tenure holder is granted the exclusive use and enjoyment of the area. The tenure holder also has the right to exclude or charge the public for use of the land and/or improvements, when this is consistent with the terms of the lease. Crown Leases require a (cadastral) survey prior to issuance

TA_CROWN_RIGHTS_OF_WAY_SVW contains the spatial representation (polygon) of active and applied for Statutory Rights-of-way. Statutory rights-of-way are registerable in a Land Titles office, and are normally issued to authorize linear uses of Crown Land for transportation, communication, energy production and utility developments. They grant tenure holders right of passage for specific purposes and certainty respecting access to the land and use of improvements. They do not convey non-exclusive use - exclusivity may be granted for safety reasons. A legal survey is required to define the tenured area. The view was created to provide a simplified presentation of this single tenure type from the disposition information in the Tantalis operational system. The same content could be derived from the TA_CROWN_TENURES_SVW by filtering to this tenure type only