The Turkey Lakes Watershed Study (TLWS) was established in 1979 and is one of the longest running ecosystem studies in Canada. It is 10.5 km2 and is located approximately 60 km north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario at the northern margin of the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region. Researchers from Natural Resources Canada, Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada established the research watershed to evaluate the impacts of acid rain on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since its inception, the study has taken a multi-disciplinary approach to investigating the processes that govern ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic perturbations.The goal of the TLWS is to obtain a whole-ecosystem analysis of the biogeochemical processes operating at the site. This permits system models to be developed and validated. The holistic approach that has been adopted from the outset allows research to evolve and expand from its original acidification focus to include evaluations of other environmental issues.Partnerships and collaboration are part of the founding principles behind the TLWS to improve our ability to measure, model and predict effects of human activity on ecosystem function. Over time, research and monitoring have expanded to explore the effects of forest harvesting, climate change, aquatic habitat manipulations and toxic contaminants. Advancements of our scientific knowledge of forest ecosystems and a baseline of long-term environmental data enables study results to inform Canadian governments on environmental policy and forest management legislation.Hydrological, meteorological, and vegetation data collected by scientists at the Great Lakes Forestry Centre is included in this directory. Experimental sites and scientific investigations in the TLW are summarized in the compendium document. Visit our website at:

This dataset contains average concentrations of water chemistry collected from stream catchments C31, C32, C33, C34, C35, C37, C38, C39, C42, C46, C47, C49, and C50 in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, approximately 60 km northwest of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. These are average concentrations recorded from 1981-2018 in milligrams per litre (mg/L) of major ions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, SO4, Cl, NO3-N, NH4-N) and some nutrients (TP, TN) collected by the Great Lakes Forestry Centre. Samples are collected according to variable schedules such that frequency generally increased with increasing stream flow, (sampling period was shortest during spring runoff, 1-3 days, and longest during winter, 2-3 weeks). Sampling was accomplished by rinsing an appropriately cleaned 2-litre, polyethylene bottle at least 3 times with stream water followed by immersion to collect the final sample. Care was taken to not disturb the stream sediments throughout the sampling procedure. pH and conductivity testing is completed right after sampling. Other chemical analyses are completed by the Great Lakes Forestry Centre in Sault Ste. Marie within 2 weeks of collection. Sample integrity was maintained through storage in the dark at 4 degrees Celsius and analyzed at room temperature.

This dataset contains annual mean stream water flow/discharge data derived from daily means for headwater streams draining forested hillslopes measured at stream catchments C31, C32, C33, C34, C35, C37, C38, C39, C42, C46, C47, C49, and C50 in the Turkey Lakes Watershed, approximately 60 km northwest of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. This data set is recorded as annual mean flow by calendar year (January-December in litres per second), annual mean flow by water year (October to September in litres per second), and annual number of zero flow days by water year. Daily mean flows that were used to derive this data set were recorded from 1981-2012 by the Great Lakes Forestry Centre, and are reported for 1981-2011 due to some inaccuracies throughout the 2012 data. Hydrological gauging stations employ "flow-control" 120 degree V-notch weirs (catchments 31, 33, 34, 37, 39, 42, 46, and 47), 90 degree V-notch weirs (catchments 32, 35, and 49), and 60 degrees V-notch weirs (catchment 38) to facilitate monitoring of stream discharge. Water "stage" or depth within the structure (e.g. in the pool behind the weir notch) is automatically and continuously recorded by chart recorders (Leupold & Stevens A-71 SE Water Level Recorder) from 1981-2003. Capacitance rods (Trutrack WT-HR 1000) installed in stilling wells replaced the chart recorders over the period of 2002 to 2003 and were used until 2012. The capacitance rods logged data at 1 hour intervals for the majority of their use and then averaged to a daily rate. Manual stage measurements have been taken intermittently when synoptic water chemistry samples were taken throughout the years. Stage data are then converted to a continuous record of flow using the relationship between stage and discharge measurements.

The Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) Study was established in 1979 by several federal government departments (Natural Resources Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada) to study the impacts of acid rain on aquatic and forest ecosystems but has since expanded to include other research on toxic contaminants, forest harvesting, habitat modification, and climate change. The TLW is a mixed hardwood forest with a 10.5 km squared area in the Canada Shield that drains into Lake Superior, and has been the focus of many interdisciplinary, whole-ecosystem studies on environmental issues. Benthic invertebrates, or insects found at the bottom of waterbodies, can be key indicators of stream health and play important roles in nutrient cycling and the food chain. In 1995, a project within the TLW aimed to evaluate how stream ecosystems respond to tree harvesting, which involved long-term surveys of benthic invertebrate communities pre- and post-harvest. Three stream catchments (c31, c33, c34) were harvested at different intensities in the summer of 1997 and were compared to multiple undisturbed catchments. Alongside the invertebrate data, corresponding stream habitat surveys, streamside litterfall traps, leaf decomposition, deposition of stream particulate matter, and standing sediment bedload data was collected during the same period. The data was collected from 1995-2009 by researchers at the Canadian Forest Service (Great Lakes Forestry Centre).This dataset is a rare and valuable resource because there are very few existing long-term datasets of benthic invertebrates from the same locations, and because this dataset is integrated with other biological and chemical datasets within the broader TLW database stored at the Open Government data repository. For an overview of other types of data available from the TLW, see https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14109, and for a complete list of publications that have been produced from data collected at this site, see https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/turkey-lakes-watershed-study/publications.html.

All principal and non-principal watershed boundary edges. These are the linear features that makeup the watershed polygons

PURPOSE:Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment common to aquatic algae, and its measurement can provide an estimate of free-floating algae abundance in an aquatic system. For more than 40 years, the Fisheries and Oceans Canada - Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (DFO-GLLFAS) office in Sault Ste. Marie Ontario has collected water samples for chlorophyll a spectrophotometric analysis, producing data in the form of mg/m3. The collection of chlorophyll a data was generally conducted to assist in characterizing the aquatic systems level of primary productivity, since that can influence fish abundance. This was a supplementary measure of the quality of fish habitat in these systems for a variety of fish-related projects of relevance to DFO’s mandate. Consistency of data collection was dependent on the duration of each project and funding available. DESCRIPTION:The initial study collected chlorophyll a data from the five lakes in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW – Upper and Lower Batchawana Lakes, Wishart Lake, Little Turkey Lake and Turkey Lake) as well as Quinn Lake which is located outside of the TLW (see Smokorowski et al. 2006) in partnership with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), as part of Canada’s Acid Rain Initiative. The TLW study was established in 1979 to evaluate the impacts of acid rain on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This dataset encompasses chlorophyll a data collected from five lakes in the TLW and Quinn Lake (data also collected by the Canadian Wildlife Service and Environment and Climate Change Canada) from 1983 - 2010 with some gaps of varying duration (Webster et al., 2021). Note that an experimental habitat removal took place in some TLW lakes and Quinn Lake in 1999 and 2000. Specifically, in autumn of 1999, 50% of the coarse woody material was removed from the shorelines of Little Turkey Lake and Quinn Lake, and in autumn of 2000, 50% of the course woody material was removed from Wishart Lake shoreline (details available in Smokorowski et al., 2006). Methods Summary: Sampling was only conducted during the open water season and the frequency and extent of sampling frequency in each waterbody varied and was project- and funding-dependent. There are no chlorophyll a data for the years 1986, 1989 – 1990, 1996 – 1997, 2006-2007 and 2009.Sampling was accomplished by rinsing on site an appropriately-cleaned 1 L, brown-opaque polyethylene bottles at least three times. For hand draw samples, the bottle was immersed sub-surface (less than 0.5 meters) to collect the sample. Composite tube samples were collected using an integrated water sampling tube that collected epilimnion water from the entire water column to a depth of 5 meters. Up to five - 1 L (1000 mL) samples were collected per station and returned to the lab on ice. Each 1 L sample was filtered using glass fiber filters (Whatman GF/C, 42.5 mm) within one day of sampling, and then frozen prior to standard chlorophyll a analysis (American Public Health Association [APHA] 1985). From 1983-1998, Chlorophyll a concentrations (mg/L) was calculated based on APHA 1985; from 1998 to present the calculation was based on APHA (1998). The sample dataset information includes the georeferenced sampling locations, the raw data for chlorophyll a calculations, and the calculated chlorophyll a concentrations using both the APHA (1985) and APHA (1998) methods. This dataset was published in partnership with the Canadian Institute of Ecology and Evolution - Living Data Project, which was funded by a CREATE grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We would like to recognize Caroline Dallstream for her effort in publishing this dataset. SAMPLING METHODS:Methods Summary: Sampling was only conducted during the open water season and the frequency and extent of sampling frequency in each waterbody varied and was project- and funding-dependent. There are no chlorophyll a data for the years 1986, 1989 – 1990, 1996 – 1997, 2006-2007 and 2009. See Sampling was accomplished by rinsing on site an appropriately-cleaned 1 L, brown-opaque polyethylene bottles at least three times. For hand draw samples, the bottle was immersed sub-surface (less than 0.5 meters) to collect the sample. Composite tube samples were collected using an integrated water sampling tube that collected epilimnion water from the entire water column to a depth of 5 meters. Up to five - 1 L (1000 mL) samples were collected per station and returned to the lab on ice. Each 1 L sample was filtered using glass fiber filters (Whatman GF/C, 42.5 mm) within one day of sampling, and then frozen prior to standard chlorophyll a analysis (American Public Health Association [APHA] 1985). From 1983-1998, Chlorophyll a concentrations (mg/L) was calculated based on APHA 1985; from 1998 to present the calculation was based on APHA (1998). The sample dataset information includes the georeferenced sampling locations, the raw data for chlorophyll a calculations, and the calculated chlorophyll a concentrations using both the APHA (1985) and APHA (1998) methods.USE LIMITATION:To ensure scientific integrity and appropriate use of the data, we would encourage you to contact the data custodian.

The dataset has been used for the Great Lakes Conservation Blueprint Project for Aquatic Biodiversity. It can be used for: * research and aquatic species inventories * environmental impact and monitoring * watershed based resource planning and management * fisheries and other aquatic analysis Official GEO title: Aquatic Ecosystems Classification: Great Lakes Basin - Coast, Streams, Lakes and Wetlands

Landscape Management Units for the 2019 Peel Watershed Regional Land Use Plan. For more information, please refer to [https://yukon.ca/peel-watershed-regional-land-use-plan](https://yukon.ca/peel-watershed-regional-land-use-plan)Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

This file contains a generalized representation of watersheds developed from the 1:50,000 BC Watershed Atlas with each region coded for occurrence of freshwater fish species (including anadromous salmon in their freshwater stages). The initial fish species codes for presence/absence in each watershed were derived from an GIS overlay of fish species occurrences within broadly defined fish regions for BC. This overlay of fish ranges describes the occurrences of fish species in 30 regions throughout the province. These broad species ranges were derived from McPhail and Carveth's 'Key to Freshwater Fish of BC' and refined further based on the most current expert opinion. Coding for watershed polygons based on this expert opinion was originally: 0= out of species range; 4 = core range; 5= introduced range; 6= peripheral range; 9= estuarine polygons only. A further refinement of watershed fish species coding was developed from actual observations of fish species in the lakes and rivers of British Columbia. This data comes from a number of fish inventory sources. Watersheds with known records of occurrence for each fish species were consequently recoded as such: 4, 5, 6, 9 now equal '1' if a museum record, and, 4, 5, 6, 9 now equal '2' for a less reliable record, and, 0 now equals '8'. for an out-of range record

The purpose of this dataset is to provide the public with the areal extents of the 14 watershed districts in Manitoba.The Watershed Districts Act , proclaimed on January 1, 2020, transitioned 18 conservation districts to 14 watershed districts, with boundaries based on watersheds. Along with this change, the Manitoba Conservation Districts Program was renamed the Manitoba Watershed Districts Program, and the program was modernized to enhance watershed-based water management in Manitoba. The goal of the program is to create healthy and sustainable watersheds through land and water stewardship programs and partnerships. With funding from the Manitoba government and municipal partners, locally-appointed watershed district boards make planning and management decisions to improve watershed health across most of rural Manitoba. Fields included ( Alias (Field Name): Field description.)FID (FID): Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generatedWatershed District Name (WSD_Name): Name of the Watershed DistrictArea_SqKm (Area_SqKm): Area in square kilometres of the watershed district