Groundwater flow is the movement of water in an aquifer or hydrogeological unit. The dataset shows groundwater flow rate and direction in the hydrogeological unit. Groundwater flow is establish from piezometric surface map. The method used to create the dataset is described in the metadata associated with the dataset. The dataset represents a description of the flow, including rate in m/d, direction, date and source. Typically, the data provided will not be in the form of a shapefile with linked properties but in the form of an image that sketches the groundwater flow. The image could also represent a cross section of the hydrogeologic units showing the regional trends of the groundwater flow.

The North America Surface Water Values point dataset contains the current water level and stream flow values as recorded by Canadian and USA hydrometric gauging station locations. Daily values are recorded as well as comparisons with historical measurements, including difference in values from the previous day, the mean level for that calendar date, the annual mean water level, and maximum and minumum recorded levels. Percentile values based on historical average for both water level and stream flow are also included.Real-time gauging station data for Canada is available here: https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/search/statistics_e.htmlReal-time gauging station data for the United States is available here: https://waterservices.usgs.gov/rest/Statistics-Service.html

The Nova Scotia Hydrographic Network is an enhanced version of the Nova Scotia Topographic Database's Water Features theme. This dataset includes network spines for connectivity of water flow and various attribution for flow direction, priority of water flow and toponymic objects where applicable.

Hydro Features is composed of the network of Canadian surface waters. Hydro Features entities are: Watercourse, Water Linear Flow, Hydro Obstacle (falls, rapids\...), Waterbody (lake, watercourse\...), Permanent Snow and Ice, Water Well, and Spring. CanVec is a digital cartographic reference product of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). It originates from the best available data sources covering Canadian territory, offers quality topographical information in vector format, and complies with international geomatics standards. CanVec is a multi-source product coming mainly from the National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), the Mapping the North process conducted by the Canada Center for Mapping and Earth Observation (CCMEO), the Atlas of Canada data, the GeoBase initiative, and the data update using satellite imagery coverage (e.g. Landsat 7, Spot, Radarsat, etc.).Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps) . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

In permafrost dominated regions, a gap persists in our understanding of water resources, the influence of groundwater, and the impact of climate change at the regional scale. Regional scale modelling can help to advance the understanding of these impacts by integrating with regional climate models. For regional modelling to be tenable, ongoing development of modelling methods and conceptualizations is required. By developing a fully integrated numerical groundwater-surface water climate model using HydroGeoSphere (HGS) (Aquanty 2021) for a gauged basin within the discontinuous permafrost zone, this dataset allows the verification of existing numerical methods and the testing of various conceptualizations of integrated groundwater-surface water flow in permafrost regions at the regional scale. This work informs future modelling and forecasting of regional water resources in permafrost regimes.

The monthly mean is the average of daily mean values for a given month.

The daily mean is the average of all unit values for a given day.

A station is a site on a river or lake where water quantity (water level and flow) are collected and recorded.

Points with rotations that indicate downstream flow direction. Can be displayed with arrow symbols to show flow direction. There is one point at the upstream end for each stream network feature

Zones of homogeneous low flow characteristics