This product provides the ratio of surface freshwater intake to water yield for August 2013, with the exception of drainage regions 7, 8, 16, 17 and 18, which use the ratio of August intake to the long-term minimum monthly water yield. Surface freshwater intake aggregates data from the Survey of Drinking Water Plants, 2013 and the Industrial Water Use Survey, 2013 with estimates of agricultural water use for 2013 based on the Agricultural Water Use Survey and the Alberta Irrigation Information report. Data for water use by the oil and gas industry and households not supplied by a public water provider are also excluded.

In permafrost dominated regions, a gap persists in our understanding of water resources, the influence of groundwater, and the impact of climate change at the regional scale. Regional scale modelling can help to advance the understanding of these impacts by integrating with regional climate models. For regional modelling to be tenable, ongoing development of modelling methods and conceptualizations is required. By developing a fully integrated numerical groundwater-surface water climate model using HydroGeoSphere (HGS) (Aquanty 2021) for a gauged basin within the discontinuous permafrost zone, this dataset allows the verification of existing numerical methods and the testing of various conceptualizations of integrated groundwater-surface water flow in permafrost regions at the regional scale. This work informs future modelling and forecasting of regional water resources in permafrost regimes.

Watercourses are line features - natural or manmade - that represent the location of flowing surface water. This product requires the use of geographic information system (GIS) software.

Level below which soil or rock is saturated with water, in the well and at the time the level has been measured, expressed in m above the sea level. Groundwater depth is measured on the field, using a water level meters. The depth is then subtracted from the elevation of the measurement site to obtain the water level elevation. The dataset is a general description of the measurement site including location and well elevation. It features a series of points of the surface elevation of the groundwater body.

The North America Surface Water Values point dataset contains the current water level and stream flow values as recorded by Canadian and USA hydrometric gauging station locations. Daily values are recorded as well as comparisons with historical measurements, including difference in values from the previous day, the mean level for that calendar date, the annual mean water level, and maximum and minumum recorded levels. Percentile values based on historical average for both water level and stream flow are also included.Real-time gauging station data for Canada is available here: https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/search/statistics_e.htmlReal-time gauging station data for the United States is available here: https://waterservices.usgs.gov/rest/Statistics-Service.html

This thematic layer shows the location of pesticide stations in surface water monitored as part of various studies. The data comes from an extraction from the BQMA and, when a report is available on the Department's website, the reader can access it from a link in the information window. The dataset on the monitoring of pesticides in surface water also includes a layer of sampling stations, a layer of polygons presenting the drainage areas of some of the stations and finally, a data table including the compilation of land use by year for each of these drainage areas. The drainage areas and the land use table are linked to the sampling stations based on the BQMA station number.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Data represents surface water occurrence frequency (percentage), which describes the frequency for each grid appeared as water in the 30 years time period of 1991 to 2020. The data covers Canada’s entire landmass including all transboundary watersheds, and is at 30-meter spatial resolution. The surface water occurrence frequency is derived using the surface water model of Wang et al. (2023) from all-available monthly water data observed by the Landsat satellites (Pekel et al., 2016). Here, permanent waters are represented by 100%, and permanent land surfaces by 0%, of water occurrence for a 30-meter by 30-meter grid.References:Pekel, J.-F., A. Cottam, N. Gorelick, A.S. Belward, 2016, High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422.Wang, S., J. Li, and H. A. J. Russell, 2023, Methods for Estimating Surface Water Storage Changes and Their Evaluations. Journal of Hydrometeorology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-22-0098.1.

This theme represents an indicator of the availability of summer and winter surface water. It combines a sub-indicator of the pressure of water samples from surface water, and a sub-indicator of the severity of low water levels. The indicator is calculated based on the current and future climate.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

A shapefile of the Nova Scotia Automated Surface Water Quality Monitoring Network monitoring stations. The network was established in 2002 to assess near real-time water quality in surface waters across the province at five river stations and one lake station. The results are used to help manage water resources, determine baseline water quality in lakes and watercourses throughout the province, evaluate the impact of human activities on surface water, and assess long term trends in water quality. The following weblink connects to a Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Climate Change web map that includes the six monitoring station locations and an alternative method for downloading the same dataset: http://nse.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7ded7a30bef44f848e8a4fc8672c89bd

Knowledge of the location of Earth’s surface water in time and space is critical to inform policy decisions on environment, wildlife, and human security. Dynamic surface water maps generally represent water occurrence, also referred to as inundation frequency, depicting the percentage of valid observations when water is detected at the surface. The location and duration of surface water varies from areas of permanent water with 100% inundation frequency where water is always observed, to areas of permanent land with 0% inundation where water never occurs. Between these two extremes are areas of ephemeral water that experience periodic flooding with inundation frequencies between 0-100%. National-scale dynamic surface water information was generated for years 1984-2023 at 30m spatial resolution from the historical Landsat archive over Canada. The complete dataset consists of annual water maps and derived products including inundation frequency and inter-annual wetting and drying trends calculated using per-pixel logistic regression. The complete dataset enables an assessment of the timing, duration, and trends towards wetting or drying at regional to national scales.Associated publication:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425722002358