The mapping depicts the relative abundance of wedge ice in upper permafrost at a national scale. The mapping is based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019). The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt.

The mapping depicts a first-order estimate of the combined volumetric percentage of excess ice in the top 5 m of permafrost from segregated, wedge, and relict ice. The estimates for the three ice types are based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019), and informed by available published values of ground ice content and expert knowledge. The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt.

In 2018, Fisheries and Oceans Canada initiated the Multidisciplinary Arctic Program (MAP) – Last Ice, the first ecosystem study of the poorly characterized region of Tuvaijuittuq, where multiyear ice still resides in the Arctic Ocean. The program MAP-Last Ice takes a coordinated approach to integrate the physical, biochemical, and ecological components of the sea ice-ocean connected ecosystem and its response to climate and ocean forcings. This program provides baseline ecological knowledge for Tuvaijuittuq and, in particular, for its unique multiyear ice ecosystem. The database provides baseline data on fatty acid composition and stable isotopes signatures of sea ice communities in multi- and first-year ice in Tuvaijuittuq. The data were collected during the 2018 spring field campaign of the MAP-Last Ice Program, offshore of Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert, in the Lincoln Sea.

This dataset represent the Ice Flow Indicator compilation for the province of Saskatchewan.This dataset represents glacial ice flow indicators compiled from recent and historical bedrock and surficial geology maps and digital datasets. The data was created as file geodatabase feature class and output for public distribution. **Please Note – All published Saskatchewan Geological Survey datasets, including those available through the Saskatchewan Mining and Petroleum GeoAtlas, are sourced from the Enterprise GIS Data Warehouse.  They are therefore identical and share the same refresh schedule. 

Ice maps produced for the prevention of flooding by ice jams and the monitoring of river ice during spring floods, winter temperatures or even during problems with ice jams.The maps are derived from radar satellite images, therefore available regardless of cloud cover, from several different sources, using algorithms to classify pixels into types of ice cover. Data is only processed and displayed on the main rivers at risk.The date the image was taken and the approximate region covered by the data is shown in the layer name. Data is added several times a week, but the frequency of revisits to each river can vary between 2 days and 2 weeks. The satellites and algorithms used according to the periods are summarized in this list:* __Image prefix__: period covered; source satellite; resolution of maps produced; algorithm used * __R2__: 2018 - 2022; Radarsat 2; 7m; ICEMAP-r* __RCM__: 2024 - now; Radarsat Constellation Mission; 5m; ICEMAP-r version 2024 * __S1__: 2018 - now; Sentinel 1; 12.5m; Arctus proprietary algorithm The different classes in the legend make it possible to differentiate the following types of ice:* __Water (dark blue) __: open water* __Water/Smooth Ice (blue) __: combination of water on ice, or spaced frasil rafts* __Smooth ice (cyan) __: or black ice, the exact term for this type of ice is “columnar ice”, due to the vertical and elongated shape of the crystals that compose it. Black ice is generally transparent because it contains few or no air bubbles. It is formed by cooling, in fairly calm water, which is why it is sometimes called “thermal ice”. Its surface is very smooth.* __Consolidated ice (light pink) __: includes Frasil ice or snow ice. Frasil ice forms in turbulent and very cold water. Composed of fine rounded crystals. These grains accumulate and rise to the surface to form moving ice rafts. These rafts end up close enough to freeze together (agglomerated ice). It contains a lot of air bubbles. Its surface is slightly to moderately rough. * __Consolidated ice with clusters (dark pink) __: ice cover formed by the stacking and freezing of various forms of moving ice; blocks that are superimposed or pieces of ice that are detached in one place and that are piled up in another. Moderately rough to very rough surface.The images from Radarsat-2 and RCM are obtained through a partnership between Public Safety Canada and the MSP. The ICEMAP-R algorithm developed by INRS makes it possible to identify the type of ice according to the internal roughness of the ice (presence of air bubbles) and the roughness of the surface of the ice cover (presence of blocks and accumulations). The initial version was usable for Radarsat 2. The 2022 and 2023 RCM ice maps are given as an indication (new algorithm in progress), only data since 2024 are processed with the Icemap-R algorithm adapted to RCM.Since 2018, the MSP has also used images from Sentinel-1, a radar satellite from the European Space Agency with a resolution of 10 m, resampled to 12.5m for ice maps. The images are then processed by the firm Arctus, which uses a proprietary algorithm.The output of the various algorithms has been reclassified to obtain a comparable legend. Historical data may have presented an alternative classification. Until 2022, the legend varied between winter and thaw. The web service also contains visible satellite images from Landsat satellites (the image prefixes are then L8, L9) or Sentinel 2 (prefix S2). In this case, colored compounds (false colors to benefit from infrared bands in particular) are used to best visualize the presence of ice. From 2024, the colored compound S2 used is as follows:* Red: 8A band (Near Infrared - VNIR) 20m (resampled to 10m)* Green: band 3 (Green) 10m * Blue: band 2 (Blue) 10m**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

In 2018, Fisheries and Oceans Canada initiated the Multidisciplinary Arctic Program (MAP) – Last Ice, the first ecosystem study of the poorly characterized region of the Lincoln Sea in the Marine Protected Area of Tuvaijuittuq, where multiyear ice still resides in the Arctic Ocean. MAP-Last Ice takes a coordinated approach to integrate the physical, biochemical, and ecological components of the sea ice-ocean connected ecosystem and its response to climate and ocean forcings. The cross-disciplinary program establishes baseline ecological knowledge for Tuvaijuittuq and, in particular, for its unique multiyear ice ecosystem. The database provides baseline data on the abundance of bacteria and viruses in multi- and first-year ice and in surface waters of the Lincoln Sea in Tuvaijuittuq, and their relation to bio-physical conditions. The data were collected during the 2018 spring field campaign of the MAP-Last Ice Program, at an ice camp offshore of Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert.

The mapping depicts the relative abundance of segregated ice in upper permafrost at a national scale. The mapping is based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019). The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt.

PURPOSE:Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) rely on sea ice as habitat throughout their life history and inhabit a broad latitudinal range with diverse sea-ice conditions. Anthropogenic climate warming is triggering poleward species redistributions, highlighting the importance of understanding how species distributions and abundance vary along latitudinal gradients. Using ringed seals as a model species, the purpose was to estimate density via aerial surveys along a latitudinal gradient in the eastern Canadian Arctic to investigate latitudinal trends in the ringed seals response to regional variation in sea-ice conditions. DESCRIPTION:Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) rely on sea ice as habitat throughout their life history and inhabit a broad latitudinal range with diverse sea-ice conditions, making them a model species to study patterns in density along a spatial-environmental gradient. We estimated the density of ringed seals from systematic aerial surveys along a latitudinal gradient in the eastern Canadian Arctic to investigate latitudinal trends in the ringed seals response to regional variation in sea-ice conditions. Ringed seals exhibited similar densities at lower and intermediate latitudes, while higher latitudes displayed an order of magnitude lower ringed seal density. This shift is concurrent with the transition in ice conditions from predominantly first-year ice at lower latitudes to primarily multiyear ice at higher latitudes. These findings indicate that the variation in icescapes across the ringed seal’s vast range influences their density. The shift in sea-ice conditions may also have consequences for biological productivity that supports their diet. Our results highlight a likely non-uniform response of ringed seals to ongoing sea-ice recession across the Arctic.

This data set contains the archive of river ice roughness as monitored on selected rivers by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) using satellite imagery for the mitigation of ice jam associated risks. In order to mitigate ice jam induced floods risks and damage to infrastructure, Natural Resources Canada emergency geomatics service (EGS) may be activated by Canada's emergency management authorities. As new satellite imagery becomes available, NRCan will produce river ice roughness maps and update the dataset in near real time (4 hours). The river ice product is generated and validated on a best effort basis. Various factors may affect the quality of the river ice roughness maps. Those factors include but are not limited to sensor type, image resolution or the limitations of the methodology used. **This third party metadata element follows the Spatio Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) specification.**

The mapping depicts the relative abundance of relict (buried glacier) ice preserved in upper permafrost at a national scale. The mapping is updated and based on modelling by O'Neill et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019). The mapping offers an improved depiction of ground ice in Canada at a broad scale, incorporating current knowledge on the associations between geological and environmental conditions and ground ice type and abundance. It provides a foundation for hypothesis testing related to broad-scale controls on ground ice formation, preservation, and melt.