To support the surveillance of key macroalgae and non-indigenous species in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, five quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were designed and tested at 111 sites in 2022-2023 targeting the following non-indigenous macroalgal species: Antithamnion sparsum, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Codium fragile, Dasysiphonia japonica, Fucus serratus. All assays were developed in 2022 by the Center for Environmental Genomics Applications (CEGA, Newfoundland, Canada) except Antithamnion sparsum, for which an assay was developed in 2023 by the Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory (ABL) at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. All amplification was performed by the ABL in 2022-2023. The assay developed for Fucus serratus was later determined to be non-specific, and amplifies both F. serratus and Fucus distichus.Cite this data as: Krumhansl K, Brooks C, Lowen B, DiBacco C, (2025). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of Key Macroalgal Non-Indigenous Species in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Waters. Version 1.5. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Samplingevent dataset. https://ipt.iobis.org/obiscanada/resource?r=quantitative_qpcr_macroalgal_nonindigenous_species_novascotia_newbrunswick_2022_2023&v=1.5For additional information please see:LeBlanc F., Belliveau V., Watson E., Coomber C., Simard N., DiBacco C., Bernier R., Gagné N. 2020. Environment DNA (eDNA) detection of marine aquatic invasive species (AIS) in Eastern Canada using a targeted species-specific qPCR approach. Management of Biological Invasions 11(2):201-217Krumhansl K.A., Brooks C.M., Lowen B., O’Brien J., Wong M., DiBacco C. Loss, resilience and recovery of kelp forests in a region of rapid ocean warming. Annals of Botany 2024 Mar 8; 133(1):73-92Brooks C.M., Krumhansl K.A. 2023. First record of the Asian Antithamnion sparsum Tokida, 1932 (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) in Nova Scotia, Canada. BioInvasions Records 12(3):745-725.

The Indigenous agreements dataset contains geographic boundaries as well as basic attribute data representing arrangements between the Government of Canada, provinces and territories, and Indigenous organizations and communities. These arrangements address Indigenous and northern affairs, such as education, economic development, child and family services, health, and housing, that have not been addressed by treaties or through other means. However, this dataset only contains the Indigenous agreements that have a geographic boundary. The Indigenous agreements dataset includes: 1) Self-government agreements which represents the Indigenous groups that govern their internal affairs and assume greater responsibility and control over the decision making that affects their communities. Self-government agreements address the structure and accountability of Indigenous governments, their law-making powers, financial arrangements and their responsibilities for providing programs and services to their members. Self-government enables Indigenous governments to work in partnership with other governments and the private sector to promote economic development and improve social conditions. These boundaries usually represent the surveyed boundaries of the Indigenous group’s Indian reserve. 2) Consultation agreements (Consultation protocol) which represents an agreement signed between the Indigenous group and one or more parties that establish a consultation process. It sets out an orderly process through which the federal and/or provincial governments can consult with an Indigenous group regarding a contemplated project or activity that may have adverse impacts on established or asserted Aboriginal or Treaty rights. These agreements include Federal Bilateral agreement, Federal Tripartite agreement and other agreements. These boundaries are usually not surveyed but help to delineate the geographic extent of the agreement. 3) Other Agreements is the catch-all category for any remaining geographies of signed agreements between the Indigenous group and other parties, that do not fit within the aforementioned categories. These boundaries are usually not surveyed but help to delineate the geographic extent of the agreement.The Indigenous agreements dataset is one of multiple datasets representing treaties and agreements between the Crown and Indigenous peoples. The Crown-Indigenous treaties and agreements geospatial datasets represent the geographic boundaries of the solemn agreements between the Crown and Indigenous peoples that set out promises, obligations and benefits for parties. The following datasets are also available: 1) The Historic treaties (formerly known as Pre-1975 treaties) dataset, which represents most signed treaties that were negotiated between Indigenous peoples and the Crown between 1725 and 1929.2) The Modern treaties (formerly known as the Post-1975 treaties) dataset, which represents the areas of Canada where Indigenous land rights and title have not been addressed by preceding treaties or through other legal means.The Indigenous agreements dataset is Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) and Indigenous Services Canada (ISC)’s primary source for Indigenous agreements geographic boundaries on maps.This dataset can also be viewed in the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System (ATRIS). This web-based system provides access to information to inform governments, industry and other interested parties in determining their consultation obligations and in carrying out their consultation research.For more information, visit https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100014686/1609421785838.

The Indigenous Mining Agreements dataset provides information on the Indigenous communities signatory to agreements, the types of agreements negotiated, exploration projects and producing mines.

The Indigenous Populations of Canada map is derived from the CanEcumene 2.0 Geodatabase using custom tabulations of census-based population data. Indigenous communities within the level of the census sub-division (CSD) were identified using a combination of sources from census field data (see Eddy et. al. 2020 for more details). This map shows the percent of Indigenous population in CanEcumene 2.0 communities using graduated symbols, overlaid upon a population density raster. The larger the symbol, the higher the percentage of Indigenous population in that area. The darker the colour in the underlying raster, the denser is the general population. This map illustrates how the majority of Indigenous populations reside in locations outside of the denser populated areas of Canada.

This dataset displays the Canadian geographic ranges of the priority species identified under the Pan-Canadian Approach for Transforming Species at Risk Conservation in Canada (“Pan-Canadian Approach”). These species include Barren-ground Caribou (including the Dolphin and Union population); Greater Sage-Grouse; Peary Caribou; Wood Bison; Caribou, Boreal population (“Boreal Caribou”); and Woodland Caribou, Southern Mountain population (“Southern Mountain Caribou”). The priority species were chosen following a number of criteria and considerations in collaboration with federal, provincial, and territorial partners. These include, but were not limited to, the species' ecological role on a regional or national scale, their conservation status and achievability of conservation outcomes, their social and cultural value (particularly to Indigenous peoples), and the leadership/partnership opportunities that they present. Delivering conservation outcomes for targeted priority species can have significant co-benefits for other species at risk, and wildlife in general. For more information on the Pan-Canadian Approach and the priority species, see https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/wildlife-plants-species/species-risk/pan-canadian-approach.html.This dataset includes: 1) the range for the Boreal Caribou (see https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/consultations/2253); 2) the local populations for the Southern Mountain Caribou (see https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/consultations/1309); 3) the range for the Greater Sage-Grouse (see https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/consultations/1458); 4) local populations for the Peary Caribou (see https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/consultations/3657); 5) range for the Barren-ground Caribou (see https://www.maps.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/Html5Viewer/index.html?viewer=NWT_SHV English only); 6) range for the Barren-ground Caribou, Dolphin and Union population (https://www.maps.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/Html5Viewer/index.html?viewer=NWT_SHV English only); 7) range for the Wood Bison (see https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/consultations/2914).

The Indigenous Geographical Names dataset presents an extract from the Canadian Geographical Names Data Base (CGNDB) of geographical names with roots in Indigenous cultures. These geographical names reflect heritage, language, personal names, and cultural practices. Terrain and water features, populated places and culturally relevant places are geographical feature types present in the dataset. The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is working to increase awareness of existing Indigenous place names and help promote the revitalization of Indigenous cultures and languages. Many more Indigenous place names exist in Canada, and this dataset will be constantly evolving as additional Indigenous place names are officially recognized and identified. The Geographical Names Board of Canada does not warrant or guarantee that the information is accurate, complete or current at all times. For more information, to report data errors, or to suggest improvements, please contact the GNBC Secretariat at Natural Resources Canada with questions or for more information. The CGNDB is the authoritative national database of Canada's geographical names. The purpose of the CGNDB is to store geographical names and their attributes that have been approved by the GNBC, the national coordinating body responsible for standards and policies on place names. This dataset is extracted from the CGNDB on a weekly basis, and consists of current officially approved names, feature type, coordinates of the feature, decision date, source, Indigenous language of origin where known, and other attributes.

For the purpose of this dataset, an Indigenous government or group refers to both elected Indigenous governments, and entities that are formally designated to represent individual Indigenous rights-holders but does not include Indigenous advocacy organizations such as the Assembly of First Nations, the Council of Yukon First Nations or boards, committees or councils established to represent community interests.For the purpose of this data set, Indigenous governments can include but is not limited to a Yukon First Nation or a transboundary Indigenous government. A “Yukon First Nation” refers to a First Nation that is included in the definition of “Yukon First Nation” in the Umbrella Final Agreement, and includes: Carcross/Tagish First Nation, Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, Kluane First Nation, Kwanlin Dün First Nation, Liard First Nation (Kaska Nation), Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation, First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun, Ross River Dena Council (Kaska Nation), Selkirk First Nation, Ta’an Kwach’an Council, Teslin Tlingit Council, Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in (identified in the Umbrella Final Agreement as “Dawson First Nation”), Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, and White River First Nation.A transboundary Indigenous government refers to an Indigenous government that is based outside of the Yukon, and includes: Acho Dene Koe First Nation, Dease River First Nation (Kaska Nation), Kwadacha Nation (Kaska Nation), Gwich’in Tribal Council, Tetlit Gwich’in Council, Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, Inuvialuit Game Council, Tahltan Central Government, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, and Pehdzeh Ki First Nation.For this dataset, a boundary is a depiction of a division between different geographic regions associated with an Indigenous government (e.g., a full or partial periphery of a “traditional territory”). A boundary can include, but is not limited to, a “traditional territory” or “Traditional Territory”. For this dataset, a traditional territory or Traditional Territory is a geographic area where a group of Indigenous Peoples holds or asserts Indigenous rights, and which may be established by a treaty or confirmed in a court ruling.The term “Traditional Territory” (capitalized) is defined in the Umbrella Final Agreement and specifically refers to the territories identified in the maps submitted by each Yukon First Nation during the negotiation of that agreement and each Yukon First Nation final agreement. Some Indigenous governments and groups or the text of their treaty agreements do not use the term “traditional territory”. For example, the Gwich’in Tribal Council’s boundary in Yukon is more accurately described as Tetlit Gwich'in Yukon Lands and the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation’s boundary in Yukon is more accurately described as the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. Historical use and occupancy information can be used to understand assertions of rights within a traditional territory that has not been formally established.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps). Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon’s digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

Monitoring data from DFO invasive species monitoring programs, along with occurrence information from online databases and the scientific literature, have been paired with high resolution environmental data and oceanographic models in species distribution models that predict present-day and project future distributions of 24 non-indigenous species (NIS) on North America`s east coast, and 31 NIS on its west coast. Future distributions were predicted for 2100, under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fifth Assessment Report. Present-day and future richness of these species (i.e., hotspots) have been estimated by summing the occurrence probabilities of NIS. This data set includes the present-day and year 2100 species distribution modeling results for each species, and the estimated species richness.Cite this data as: Lyons DA., Lowen JB, Therriault TW., Brickman D., Guo L., Moore AM., Peña MA., Wang Z., DiBacco C. Data of: Updated species distribution models for marine invasive species hotspot identification. Published: November 2023. Coastal Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1439dcb3-82a6-40fd-a9a4-8f045b20ff5b

For the purpose of this dataset, an Indigenous government or group refers to both elected Indigenous governments, and entities that are formally designated to represent individual Indigenous rights-holders but does not include Indigenous advocacy organizations such as the Assembly of First Nations, the Council of Yukon First Nations or boards, committees or councils established to represent community interests.For the purpose of this data set, Indigenous governments can include but is not limited to a Yukon First Nation or a transboundary Indigenous government. A “Yukon First Nation” refers to a First Nation that is included in the definition of “Yukon First Nation” in the Umbrella Final Agreement, and includes: Carcross/Tagish First Nation, Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, Kluane First Nation, Kwanlin Dün First Nation, Liard First Nation (Kaska Nation), Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation, First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun, Ross River Dena Council (Kaska Nation), Selkirk First Nation, Ta’an Kwach’an Council, Teslin Tlingit Council, Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in (identified in the Umbrella Final Agreement as “Dawson First Nation”), Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation, and White River First Nation.A transboundary Indigenous government refers to an Indigenous government that is based outside of the Yukon, and includes: Acho Dene Koe First Nation, Dease River First Nation (Kaska Nation), Kwadacha Nation (Kaska Nation), Gwich’in Tribal Council, Tetlit Gwich’in Council, Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, Inuvialuit Game Council, Tahltan Central Government, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, and Pehdzeh Ki First Nation.For this dataset, a boundary is a depiction of a division between different geographic regions associated with an Indigenous government (e.g., a full or partial periphery of a “traditional territory”). A boundary can include, but is not limited to, a “traditional territory” or “Traditional Territory”. For this dataset, a traditional territory or Traditional Territory is a geographic area where a group of Indigenous Peoples holds or asserts Indigenous rights, and which may be established by a treaty or confirmed in a court ruling.The term “Traditional Territory” (capitalized) is defined in the Umbrella Final Agreement and specifically refers to the territories identified in the maps submitted by each Yukon First Nation during the negotiation of that agreement and each Yukon First Nation final agreement. Some Indigenous governments and groups or the text of their treaty agreements do not use the term “traditional territory”. For example, the Gwich’in Tribal Council’s boundary in Yukon is more accurately described as Tetlit Gwich'in Yukon Lands and the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation’s boundary in Yukon is more accurately described as the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. Historical use and occupancy information can be used to understand assertions of rights within a traditional territory that has not been formally established.Distributed from [GeoYukon](https://yukon.ca/geoyukon) by the [Government of Yukon](https://yukon.ca/maps). Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon’s digital map data collection.For more information: [geomatics.help@yukon.ca](mailto:geomatics.help@yukon.ca)

The Indigenous Community Infrastructure dataset depicts infrastructure projects across Canada that are supported by Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) targeted infrastructure funding. It contains data related to project category, description, status, departmental investment and community. The dataset allows the Department to pinpoint and share information about individual infrastructure projects in Indigenous communities, in a proactive and transparent manner, to: • Showcase where and how investments are carried out • Demonstrate the Government’s commitment to address socio-economic gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities in Canada and improve access to high-quality servicesProjects featured in this Indigenous Community Infrastructure dataset are updated on a quarterly basis. Because some projects will benefit more than one community, the number of projects does not match the number of markers on the map or of entries in the dataset.For more information, visit https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1526995988708/1526996020578.