Coastal vegetated ecosystems are recognized for their role in cycling and storing carbon in the world’s oceans (i.e., blue carbon); however, high uncertainty in carbon sequestration rates is partly due to an absence of studies estimating carbon export to the deep sea. We modeled export from nearshore kelp forests and seagrass beds, showing variability by orders of magnitude across spatial scales (3 to hundreds of kilometers), kelp and seagrass species, seasons, and carbon forms, raising caution in using generalized export rates in blue carbon accounting. Our results also show rapid (20 to 30 days) and extensive export of neutrally buoyant dissolved organic carbon particles to the shelf break (up to 44% within 90 days), contrasting sinking particulate organic carbon particles that largely remained within 100-meter water depth in the nearshore. These results improve estimates of carbon sequestration by blue carbon ecosystems and reveal contrasting patterns of export relative to other regions of the globe. Cite this data as: Kira A. Krumhansl et al., Pathways of blue carbon export from kelp and seagrass beds along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.Sci. Adv.11,eadw1952(2025).DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adw1952

Predicted Soil organic carbon (%) at a defined depth range (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm, 15–30 cm, 30–60 cm, 60–100 cm).

The Agri-Environmental Indicator Soil Organic Matter data series provides a measure of soil health and an estimate of how much carbon dioxide (CO2) has been removed from the atmosphere by plants and sequestered as soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils.

This digital data release includes Rock Eval and total organic carbon results of selected samples for analyses of shale gas, oil and liquids. The strata evaluated include the: - basal Banff Formation, - Colorado Group, - Duvernay Formation, - Exshaw Formation, - Montney Formation, - Muskwa Formation, - Nordegg Member, and - Rierdon Formation.

“Pukaskwa National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Pukaskwa’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.

“Rouge National Urban Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Rouge’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter.Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.

“Gros Morne National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Gros Morne’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter.Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.

“Wood Buffalo National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Wood Buffalo’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.

“Prince Albert National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Prince Albert’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter.Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.

“Thousand Islands National Park - Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density” is the annual carbon density (tonnes carbon per hectare) within Thousand Island’s forested ecosystems over a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020. Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density includes aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and dead organic matter.Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density was estimated for 31 national parks using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), a spatially explicit carbon budget model developed by Canadian Forest Service which uses forest inventory, disturbance, and mean annual temperature data along with yield data to estimate growth and merchantable volume for dominant tree species. Species- and Ecozone-specific equations are then used to convert merchantable volume to aboveground and belowground biomass carbon. Ecozones were classified according to Canada Ecological Land Classification Level 1. The GCBM simulates carbon dynamics to produce spatially explicit estimations of carbon stocks and fluxes. The model simulates and tracks carbon stocks, transfers between Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-defined pools, and other metrics including net ecosystem production, net biome production, and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in annual time steps. The stocks and fluxes are also tracked by disturbance event (e.g., forest fires, insect outbreaks). Total Ecosystem Forest Carbon Density accounts for the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, including wildfires, prescribed burns, and insect outbreaks.These products have a spatial resolution of 30m.This information is part of the Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series. To obtain a copy of this report, please contact changementclimatique-climatechange@pc.gc.ca.When using this data, please cite as follows:Sharma, T., Kurz, W.A., Fellows, M., MacDonald, A.L., Richards, J., Chisholm, C., Seutin, G., Richardson, K., Keenleyside, K. (2023). Parks Canada Carbon Atlas Series: Carbon Dynamics in the Forests of Canada’s National Parks. Scientific Report. Parks Canada Agency, Gatineau, QC, Canada, 104 p.