Terrain Stability Mapping (TSM) Detailed Polygons (STE_TER_STABILITY_POLYS_SVW) contains TSM polygons with key and amalgamated (concatenated) attributes derived from the Resource Inventory Standards Committee (RISC) standard attributes. This layer is derived from the [STE_TEI_ATTRIBUTE_POLYS_SP](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/f2cd2cc3-5f58-481c-bf3c-64934acb6fad) layer by filtering on the PROJECT_TYPE attribute. Project types include: TEMSET, TEMTSM, TSM, TSMREC, TSMDET, TBW, and TBS. TSM uses air photo interpretation and select field checking to divides the landscape into units using the Terrain Classification System for British Columbia and stability criteria. Polygon attributes include (but are not limited to) surficial material, surface expression, geomorphological processes, drainage class, slope range and stability class. TSM methods include manual air photo interpretation and setting stability criteria supported by selective field checking. TSM Detailed Polygon layer should be used in conjunction with [TER Project Boundaries](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/ad2f6d1e-cb53-4308-9263-e8deb731b996) which contain boundaries (study areas) and attributes describing each project (project level metadata), plus links to the locations of other data associated with the project (e.g., reports, polygon datasets, plotfiles, legends). TSM inventory polygons with full RISC attributes can be accessed through the [Terrestrial Ecosystem Information (TEI) Data Distribution Packages](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/8fd15e4e-e7b1-4566-81d1-1ff8947bfd46). **Current version**: v12 (2026-06-22)

Wang, Z., Greenan, B.J.W., Hannah, C.G., and Layton, C. 2025. Past and future sea surface temperature changes in the oceans surrounding Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Hydrogr. Ocean. Sci. 404: v + 44 pThis study presents changes in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the oceans surrounding Canada using past observations and model projections of future scenarios. The past changes are derived using an SST product, HadISST, in which a recent period (2012-2022) was referenced to a 26-year climatology (1955-1980). The future changes in SST are estimated using a 22-member ensemble of CMIP6 models. The SST changes for overlapping periods from the CMIP6 ensemble and the HadISST in the 10 regions of the Canadianshelf waters are in general agreement, although the CMIP6 results tend to overestimate the observed changes by about 0.1 oC. One exception to this is the Scotian Shelf where the CMIP6 models underestimate the observed SST change. The Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf, Gulf of St. Lawrence and southern Newfoundland shelf are the regions with the largest observed SST increases around Canada. The Gulf of St. Lawrence has the highest correlation (r=0.65) with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) among the subregions in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the British Columbia Shelf is correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (r=0.58). Under the four climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5), among the mid-century (2040-2059) annual mean SST changes (reference period of 1990-2014) in the 10 regions, the Gulf of St. Lawrence is projected to have the largest increases in temperature (1.8 – 2.5oC), and Baffin Bay has the smallest increases (0.5 – 0.9oC), However, for the summer means, the southern Beaufort Sea has the largest SST increase (2.4 -3.1oC) with Baffin Bay having the smallest changes (1.3-2.1oC).Cite this data as: Wang, Z., Greenan, B.J.W., Hannah, C.G., and Layton, C. (2025) Data of:Past and Future Sea Surface Temperature Changes in the Oceans Surrounding Canada.Published: October 2025. Ocean Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S.https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3c336e55-4266-406a-922d-bbf8e717558c

Description:Night-time sea surface temperature (SST) was acquired from the AVHRR Pathfinder project, with data distributed by NOAA, and averaged into monthly climatological composites. The data span 1990 through 2020 at 4 km pixel resolution.Methods:AVHRR Pathfinder version 5.3 Level 3C night Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was acquired from NOAA at 4 km spatial resolution. The monthly mean value at all pixels was calculated for individual years, then all years were combined to produce final maps of monthly mean and monthly standard deviation of SST, and the number of occurrences of each pixel over the period of observation. The quality level of all satellite observations was also acquired with this dataset, and used to remove any pixels with a quality level lower than 4. Further, pixels with fewer than two occurrences over the period 1990-2020 were removed from these maps, and set to a NaN value in the tif files. All resulting rasters were cropped to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and assigned to the NAD83 geographic coordinate reference system (EPSG:4269), and have a final pixel resolution of approximately 0.0417 degrees. The monthly mean, monthly standard deviation, and number of occurrences for all pixels are provided.Uncertainties:Satellite values have been evaluated against global datasets, and datasets of samples in the Pacific region (see references). However, uncertainties are introduced when averaging together images over time as each pixel has a differing number of observations. Short-lived or spatially limited events may be missed.

Terrain Mapping (TER) Project Boundaries (STE_TER_PROJECT_BOUNDARIES_SVW) contains boundaries (study areas) and attributes describing each TER project (project level metadata), plus links to the locations of other data associated with the project (e.g., reports, polygon datasets, plotfiles, legends). This layer is derived from the [STE_TEI_PROJECT_BOUNDARIES_SP](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/1313fac7-2ea1-4c6b-995b-bd421b7ec3c6) layer by filtering on the PROJECT_TYPE attribute. Project types include: TEM, TEMNSS, TEMPRE, TEMSEI, TEMSET, TEMTSM, TSM, TSMREC, TSMDET, TIM, TBS, TBT, TIMSOI, TEMWHR, TEMSDM, TEMPRW, and PEMTBT. TER project boundaries should be used in conjunction with TER detailed inventory polygons which divide the landscape into units according to surficial materials, landforms and geomorphological processes using the Terrain Classification System for British Columbia. TER inventory polygons with full Resources Information Standards Committee (RISC) attributes can be accessed through the [Terrestrial Ecosystem Information (TEI) Data Distribution Packages](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/8fd15e4e-e7b1-4566-81d1-1ff8947bfd46). TER inventory polygons with simplified and amalgamated (concatenated) RISC attributes can be accessed through the [Terrain Mapping (TER) Polygon Attributes](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/caf1ad28-9bd9-4b41-b2f8-928fff115855). Further subsetted data can be found through the [Terrain Stability Mapping (TSM)](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/d800cbc8-0de6-4d57-a3f9-88bcfbdc0769), [Terrain Inventory Mapping (TIM)](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/3f6280a0-11d6-430f-92c5-a4a66023e6a1), and [Bioterrain Mapping (TBT)](https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/06121ed8-0a75-4a76-b645-182f94418571) records. **Current version**: v12 (2026-06-22)

Description:Night-time sea surface temperature (SST) was acquired from the AVHRR Pathfinder project, with data distributed by NOAA, and averaged into monthly climatological composites. The data span late 1981 through 2010 at 4 km pixel resolution.Methods:AVHRR Pathfinder version 5.3 Level 3C night Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was acquired from NOAA at 4 km spatial resolution. The monthly mean value at all pixels was calculated for individual years, then all years were combined to produce final maps of monthly mean and monthly standard deviation of SST, and the number of occurrences of valid data at each pixel over the period of observation. The quality level of all satellite observations was also acquired with this dataset, and used to remove any pixels with a quality level lower than 4. Further, pixels with fewer than two occurrences over the period 1981-2010 were removed from these maps, and set to a NaN value in the tif files. All resulting rasters were cropped to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and assigned to the NAD83 geographic coordinate reference system (EPSG:4269), and have a final pixel resolution of approximately 0.0417 degrees. The monthly mean, monthly standard deviation, and number of occurrences for all pixels are provided.Uncertainties:Satellite values have been evaluated against global datasets, and datasets of samples in the Pacific region (see references). However, uncertainties are introduced when averaging together images over time as each pixel has a differing number of observations. Short-lived or spatially limited events may be missed.

The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), is a species found in Atlantic Canadian waters which is mostly encountered “basking” on the surface waters and sometimes caught accidentally in commercial fisheries. One Pop-up Satellite Archival Tag (PSAT Mk10) from Wildlife Computers was applied to a single female basking shark in September 2008 on a commercial vessel to collect data on depth (pressure), temperature and ambient light level (for position estimation). The basking shark was 610 cm Total Length (curved). The tag released on the pre-programmed date 125 days after deployment. Raw data transmitted from the PSAT’s after release was processed through Wildlife Computers software (GPE3) to get summary files, assuming a maximum swimming speed of 2m/s, NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution data set for SST reference and ETOPO1-Bedrock dataset for bathymetry reference. The maximum likelihood position estimates are available in .csv and .kmz format and depth and temperature profiles are also in .csv format. Other tag outputs as well as metadata from the deployment can be obtained upon request from: warren.joyce@dfo-mpo.gc.ca or heather.bowlby@dfo-mpo.gc.ca.

The spatial representation for current Timber Supply Areas (TSA). A Timber Supply Area is a designated area established by the Ministry in order to practice sound, integrated, resource management principles to improve the allowable annual cuts. TSAs were originally defined by an established pattern of wood flow from management units to the primary timber-using industries. They are the primary unit for allowable annual cut (AAC) determination.

The transport features of the CanVec series are derived from the National Road Network (NRN) and the National Railway Network (NRWN). The dataset describes roads, trails, bridges, railroads and their related information. The transport features include nautical facilities, track segments, track junctions, railway stations, track crossings, track marker posts, track structures, rail ferry segments, road segments, road ferry segments, road junctions, blocked passages, toll points, aerial cableway features, footbridges, trails, navigational aids, marinas and runways.The CanVec multiscale series is available as prepackaged downloadable files and by user-defined extent via a Geospatial data extraction tool.Related Products (Open Maps Links):[Topographic Data of Canada - CanVec Series](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8ba2aa2a-7bb9-4448-b4d7-f164409fe056)

The spatial representation for current Timber Supply Blocks (TSB). A Timber Supply Area is a designated area established by the Ministry in order to practice sound, integrated, resource management principles to improve the allowable annual cuts. TSAs were originally defined by an established pattern of wood flow from management units to the primary timber-using industries. They are the primary unit for allowable annual cut (AAC) determination. A TSA Supply Block is a designated area within the TSA where the Ministry approves the allowable annual cuts

The Ontario Hydro Network (OHN) is a provincial medium scale originating from data with regional scales of 1: 10,000 in Southern Ontario, 1: 20,000 in Northern Ontario and 1: 50,000 in the Far North. The shoreline is taken from the OHN - Waterbody data class. This data is used for cartographic purposes and web mapping services. This product requires the use of geographic information system (GIS) software. [Ontario Hydro Network (OHN) User Guide (Word)](https://www.sdc.gov.on.ca/sites/MNRF-PublicDocs/EN/CMID/OHN%20-%20UserGuide.docx)